Review of Basic Anatomy PE 254

Functions of the Musculoskeletal System Gives the body shape Gives the body shape Protects internal organs Protects internal organs Provides for movement Provides for movement Consists of more than 600 muscles Consists of more than 600 muscles

Anatomy Muscles- provide movement & generate heat. generate heat. Ligaments- connect bone to bone injury = sprain Tendons- connect bone to muscle injury = strain Bones- protection & shape

The Skeletal System Gives form to the body Protects vital organs Consists of 206 bones Acts as a framework for attachment of muscles Designed to permit motion of the body

The Skull

The Neck

The Spinal Column

The Thorax

The Pelvis

The Lower Extremity HipThighKneeLegAnkleFoot

The Upper Extremity Shoulder girdle ArmElbowForearmWristHand

Joints Degree of movement Synarthrosis – immovable joint Synarthrosis – immovable joint (ex: the skull) Amphiarthrosis – slightly movable joint Amphiarthrosis – slightly movable joint (ex: fibrocartilaginous disc between the vertebrae; ligament or membrane links the two bones such as scapula to the clavicle) Diarthrosis – freely movable joint Diarthrosis – freely movable joint (ex: hip or shoulder joint)

Joints

Types of Muscle (1 of 2) Skeletal (voluntary) muscle Attached to the bones of the body Attached to the bones of the body Smooth (involuntary) muscle Carry out the automatic muscular functions of the body Carry out the automatic muscular functions of the body

Types of Muscle (2 of 2) Cardiac muscle Involuntary muscle Involuntary muscle Has own blood supply and electrical system Has own blood supply and electrical system Can tolerate interruptions of blood supply for only very short periods Can tolerate interruptions of blood supply for only very short periods

Human Body Muscle Diagram

Muscle Groups Because a single muscle usually does not act alone when it exerts tension in normal body movement, it acts as one member of the team of muscles that partially or wholly can control or contribute to the joint movement occurring. Therefore, it is convenient and adequate in most cases of gross muscular analysis to refer to the action of “groups of individual muscles” rather than trying to name each one that is or might acting.

PLANES of Motion AXES of Rotation SAGGITAL (FRONT TO BACK MAKING TWO HALVES, LEFT AND RIGHT) MEDIOLATERAL FRONTAL (SIDE TO SIDE MAKING TWO HALVES, FRONT AND BACK) ANTERIOPOSTERIOR TRANSVERSE (TRANSVERSE MAKING TWO HALVES, TOP AND BOTTOM) LONGITUDINAL Planes of Motion and Axes of Rotation

Group Activity Group 1: Lunges. Group 2: Standing broad jump. Group 3: Discus throw. Group 4: 100-meter sprint from the starting block. Group 5: Push-ups. Group 6: Shoulder press with barbells. Group 7: Free throws in basketball. Group 8: Javelin throw. Group 8: Javelin throw. Group 9: Bench press with straight bar. Group 10: Field-goal kick in football.

Group Activity Identify the following: 1. Joint(s) involved in activity 2. Muscle group(s) involved in activity 3. Plane(s) of motion 4. Axis(es) of rotation