©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Chapter 23: The United States and the Old World Order Preview: “With the outbreak of World War I, the old order of colonial imperialism and carefully balanced military alliances came crashing down….By its end, Woodrow Wilson’s hopes for a progressive ‘peace without victory’ and a new world order were dashed.” The Highlights: Progressive Diplomacy Progressive Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson and Moral Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson and Moral Diplomacy The Road to War The Road to War War and Society War and Society The Lost Peace The Lost Peace

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Progressive Diplomacy Big Stick in the Caribbean Big Stick in the Caribbean –Platt Amendment –Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine A “Diplomatist of the Highest Rank” A “Diplomatist of the Highest Rank” –Treaty of Portsmouth –Gentlemen’s agreement –Great White Fleet 23-2

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Dollar Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy –Private investment to promote economic stability, keep peace, and tie debt ridden countries to the U.S. –Failure dogged Taft overseas and at home 23-3

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Missionary Diplomacy Missionary Diplomacy –Exporting American democracy and capitalism –Twenty-One Demands Intervention Mexico Intervention Mexico –Mexican Revolution –Pancho Villa’s raid in 1916 Woodrow Wilson and Moral Diplomacy 23-4

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 23-5

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Road to War The Guns of August The Guns of August –Causes of World War I rested on discontent from social and economic changes –Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Neutral but Not Impartial Neutral but Not Impartial –Wilson’s neutral ideals –American economy boomed with the flood of war costs 23-6

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 23-7

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Diplomacy of Neutrality The Diplomacy of Neutrality –Submarine warfare –Sussex pledge Peace, Preparedness, and the Election of 1916 Peace, Preparedness, and the Election of 1916 –A peace movement had taken seed in the United States (1910) –Wilson joined the preparedness cause –Wilson squeaked out a paper-thin victory 23-8

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Wilson’s Final Peace Offensive Wilson’s Final Peace Offensive –Zimmermann telegram –The battlefield now seemed the only path to a higher peace “Cultural, economic, and historical ties to the Allies, along with the German campaign of submarine warfare, had tipped the country toward war”(758). 23-9

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill War and Society The Slaughter of Stalemate The Slaughter of Stalemate –Trench warfare –Bolshevik-controlled government transferred a million soldiers to Germany “You’re in the Army Now” “You’re in the Army Now” –Selective Service Act (1917) –Mexican Americans and African Americans volunteered in disproportionately high numbers 23-10

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Mobilizing the Economy Mobilizing the Economy –War Industries Board –Bureaucratic state War Work War Work –National War Labor Board –Women in the workforce Great Migrations Great Migrations –Latino migrations –African Americans 23-11

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 23-12

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Propaganda and Civil Liberties Propaganda and Civil Liberties –Committee on Public Information –100 percent Americanism –Espionage and Sedition acts Over There Over There –Wilson’s Fourteen Points –The U.S. emerged from the war stronger than ever 23-13

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Influenza Pandemic of The Influenza Pandemic of –Armed Services hit hard by flu outbreak –Global spread of the pandemic The Lost Peace The Lost Peace –Wilson arrived at Paris peace conference to a world of problems –Wilson handpicked the peace commission and did not include one Republican 23-14

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles –Wilson hailed as “peacemaker from America” –Russians were absent from the convention –League of Nations “Wilson’s sweeping call for reform had taken the Allied leaders by surprise. Hungry for new colonies, eager to see Germany crushed and disarmed, they had already drawn up secret treaties dividing the territories of the Central Powers”(769)

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Battle for the Treaty The Battle for the Treaty –Lodge worried the League would force Americans to subject themselves to ‘the will of other nations.” –Wilson’s stroke –Treaty of Versailles was dead and loyal Democrats were forced to deliver the killing blow Red Scare Red Scare –Radicals and labor unrest –Palmer raids 23-16