What is IIASA? An introduction to the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis

CONTENTS 1.Major Global Challenges 2.IIASA’s History 3.IIASA’s Approach 4.Research Strategy, Output and Impact

MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES

FOOD MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES

FOOD 870 million people were undernourished in 2012 (FAO) By 2030, the world’s population will have increased by one billion (IIASA) Agriculture accounts for 70% of freshwater withdrawals (UN Water)

MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES WATER

783 million people have inadequate access to safe freshwater (WHO & UNICEF) Water use has been growing at more than twice the rate of population increase in the last century (FAO & UN-Water) Hydropower supplies about 20% of the world’s electricity (ICOLD)

MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES ENERGY

2.5 billion people are without access to modern energy (IIASA/GEA) World primary energy demand expected to increase by 33% between 2011 & 2035 (IEA) Energy production and consumption contributes over 80% of global GHG emissions (IIASA)

MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES CLIMATE CHANGE

Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since 1850 (IPCC) Global surface temperature change for the end of the 21st century is likely to exceed 1.5°C relative to 1850 for all scenarios (IPCC) 70 million Africans could suffer from devastating floods as a result of climate change (IPCC)

MAJOR GLOBAL CHALLENGES POVERTY & EQUITY

1.2 billion people are still living in extreme poverty (UN MDG) 60.9 % of workers in the developing world still live on less than US$4 a day (UN MDG) “Hunger is a cause of poverty, not just a consequence of it.” (FAO)

INEXTRICABLY LINKED Energy & Climate Change Poverty & Equity Food & Water

RESEARCHING GLOBAL CHALLENGES Integrated Interdisciplinary International Independent Solution-oriented Long term Trade offs } = Systems Analysis

IIASA helps to put the puzzle together

IIASA’S HISTORY

THE 1960s Sources: nuclearweaponarchive.org, The Guardian, US Department of Interior,

Sources: IIASA 1972

IIASA’S APPROACH

ATTRACT THE BEST SCIENTISTS Scientific Staff300 Research visitors to IIASA1,400 Other worldwide collaborators (including ~25% of IIASA alumni network) ~800 TOTAL (for 2013)~2500 In addition, IIASA collaborates with almost 300 institutions from 65 countries

NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS Professor Tjalling Koopmans and Professor Leonid Kantorovich Nobel Prize in Economics (1975)

NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS Professor Paul Crutzen Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1995)

NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS Professor Thomas C. Schelling Nobel Prize for Economics (2005)

NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Nobel Peace Prize (2007)

YOUNG SCIENTISTS SUMMER PROGRAM

INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENTISTS

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS

HOME OF IIASA SINCE 1972

IIASA’S MEMBERS: Represent scientific community of a country and are often the National Academy or principal research funding agency

FUNDING Annual income in 2013 was €17.9 million of which 53% was from IIASA’s National Member Organizations Additional funding comes from contracts and grants. Between 2006 and 2013, IIASA’s research was awarded grants that amounted to €62.5 million. This was part of a total funding portfolio of €308.5 million of the external projects in which IIASA was and is involved.

RESEARCH STRATEGY, OUTPUT AND IMPACT

IIASA’S STRATEGY

MISSION To provide insight and guidance to policymakers worldwide by finding solutions to global and universal problems through applied systems analysis in order to improve human and social wellbeing and to protect the environment.

OUTPUT: JOURNAL ARTICLES Peer-reviewed journal articles according to SCOPUS

JOURNAL ARTICLES & CITATONS

EXAMPLE OF IIASA’S IMPACT

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

Cut sulfur dioxide by 30% Moderate costsVery high costs Ecosystem highly resilient to acid rain Ecosystem highly vulnerable to acid rain

For 43 European countries: THE RAINS MODEL Pollution generation & control options, including costs Atmospheric transport and deposition Impacts on the environment

ASK THE RAINS MODEL Any number of “What if…?” questions: How much would it cost to reduce sulfur dioxide levels to a given standard for all of Europe? For the worst-affected areas only? What is the cheapest way to stop acidification of forest soils in Bohemia? What would be the impact of a new emissions standard for, say, power plants on eutrophication? On acidification? On ozone formation? RAINS gives answers to such questions, usually within minutes.

INTERNATIONAL TREATY Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution Signed by 33 European governments One of the most successful multilateral treaties protecting the environment Helped Europe to cut sulfur dioxide emissions by 60% over the past 20 years With support of RAINS, treaty and EU now tackles multiple air pollutants (SO 2, NO X, NH 3, VOCs, PMs) RAINS extended to include greenhouse gases (GAINS) and used by numerous parties and organizations involved in climate change negotiations

CLEAN AIR IN EUROPE

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