Weekly Main Concepts BIOLOGY HONORS

Chapter 10-1 Mendel’s Insight into inheritance Brief history of how Gregor Mendel scientifically studied pea plant traits to discover “rules” about heredity Genes are units of information about specific traits carried on chromosomes passed form parents to offspring Genes can be in different molecular forms = alleles Different alleles can create different traits The physical appearance produced by an allele is the phenotype

The genetic makeup of an allele is the genotype True-bred lineage is where organisms exhibit the same trait for generation after generation Offspring of true-bred parents are hybrids Alleles that masks the traits of other alleles are dominant (represented by CAPITAL letters) over those alleles (recessive – represented by lower case letters) Homozygous = both alleles of a pair are identical (AA or aa) Heterozygous = the alleles of a pair are not identical (Aa) P, F1, F2 (parent, 1 st offspring, 2 nd offspring generations)

Chapter 10-2 Mendel’s theory of Segregation Mendel studied 29,000 pea plants to discover rules of heredity that allow predictions of genetic match-ups During meiosis, alleles separate (segregate) independently from each other when forming gametes Punnett-square techniques can be used to predict probable genetic outcomes if parental genotypes are known Test crosses can be used to confirm Punnet-square predictions