Characteristic features of warm-type rain producing heavy rainfall over the Korean peninsula inferred from TRMM measurements Byung-Ju "B.J." Sohn Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

North Pacific High JJA 1979~2008 (ERA-Interim) Arrow: moisture flux (850hPa) Solid line: 5880m (500hPa) Korea Japan China Taiwan

[Sohn et al., 2010, JAMC] JJA Rain gauge vs. satellite rainfall (over Korea)

AWS 강우자료 및 위성관측 강우의 일변화 연구 TRMM PR reflectivity, SH rain rate TRMM TMI 85V GHz TB Collocated data PR Z e vs. TMI 85 GHz TB JJA ,070 pairs for Korea 40,830 pairs for US-OK Objectives Hypothesize heavy rain physics under very humid midlatiude conditions may be different from others (here deep convection). ♦ Try to understand the underestimate of rainfall over Korea. ♦ Document features of warm-rain producing heavy rainfall. ♦ Examine large-scale atmospheric environment as a possible necessary condition of inducing warm rain events KoreaUS-Oklahoma

PDF of Storm Height

PDF of TB85V colder warmer colder

0.25°×0.25° grid, ±15 minute match-up, (JJA, 2007~2010) 1pm – 3pm Aqua MODIS (COT, CTP), AWS Rainrate

CFADs of PR reflectivity classified by rain rate Korea Total samples = 94,070 US - OK Total samples = 40,830

CFADs separated by SH=8km (Korea) total 94, % 2.72%

SH < 8km SH > 8km CFADs summary for 20 < RR PR < 40 mm/hr

Warm-type Ze: 20 < RR PR < 40 mm/hr

[JJA ] TRMM and ERA-Interim

July 14, 2012 (around 19:00 KST) TMI RR TB85V TB11 Radar RRGauge RR Lightening

July 14, 2012 (around 20:30 LST) TMI RR TB85V TB11 Radar RRGauge RR Lightening

Summary Cloud-rain characteristics much different from those found over US-OK. - Lower/warmer clouds can also cause heavy rainfall (and flood) over the Korean peninsula. They may be prolonged. - Less ice particles involved in rain-forming processes (rare hail occurrence) Large-scale synoptic environment transporting much of water vapor into the peninsula and surroundings seems to be an important element of inducing heavy rainfall over this region. Similar behaviors may be found if similar conditions (such as very humid conditions and strong vapor flux convergence) are met (e.g. Okinawa area, Bangladesh area). How much the satellite measurements lose the rainfall in the global sense?

Korea 1 min AWS Raingauge Network 0.5 mm Tipping bucket 0.1 mm Tipping bucket ~540 stations

한반도 하계 강수유형분류 Cold-type heavy rainWarm-type heavy rain (강수율 > 10 mm/hr, K-means 분포분석)