5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Tuesday - April 20, Get computers... No openers today due to testing in Geometry; however, there is a part of the notes that you can include in the openers with 4 problems on weighted avg. CW: I will show you how to use DRAW from Google Docs to complete drawing of Bohr model to go with your project. CW: Complete Notes 5.2 by watching video from podcast page. (Be sure to complete the 4 problems assigned on average atomic mass (weighted average calculations). (You can put these with your openers and label Notes 5.2 OPENER 4/20... CW: Work on atom/element project. Try to finish all project portions no later than Wednesday. From your Glogster account, your blog when you are ready for it to be graded. Make a note or link for your video presentation at if it would not directly embed into Glogster. (Internet video will count as bonus points since we had issues trying to download the videos but do try from home if possible if you couldn’t get to work at school.) Remember to include your new Bohr drawing from Google Drawings...

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Wednesday, October 27, rd/4th/5th/7th periods... Opener #7 - WRITE DOWN CHECKING HOMEWORK... will take up on test day with notes & openers. - Have out w/s from yesterday completed. Check the homework answers from the document camera screen.... Mark incorrect answers but also show correct answers... CW: Notes 5.2 using computers - from CW: Record your presentations explaining your model with Photo Booth video or iMovie. Create a brief presentation using keynote and/or iMovie to tell about interesting facts you found out about your element and share basic facts that you didn’t explain in your model explanation and include your slogan/acrostic/or poem either directly with video or with an audio override in keynote (PRE-AP)... Tomorrow is the last day this week to work on in class. The full project will be due by next Wednesday but will not have additional full days in class to work on. HW: Study guide questions are due on Monday for unit test.

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Thursday, October 28, th period only Opener #7 - grading paper - opener #8 QUIZ - Write in openers - taking atomic #/mass Quiz... Have out periodic table... Keep quiz when done and get computers. CW: Quiz (opener) CW: Grade quiz tomorrow- exchange after all are done - get computers while waiting & log -in *CW: Finish the rest of Notes 5.2 part 2 to the end of slide show from podcast page... Be sure you did the internet activity questions on calculating avg. atomic mass... CW: Work on project... You should be completing the video portion explaining the parts of you model, the number, the names, charges, and location... REG: Complete video presentation of model with photobooth - tell about subatomic particles, location, charge, and how many... HW: Study Guide Question sheet due Monday PAP: Complete the iMovie and/or keynote presentation.... You will include your other information with interesting facts, etc. also...

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Friday, October 29, th period only Opener #8 QUIZ - Write in openers - taking atomic #/mass Quiz... Have out periodic table... Keep quiz when done and get computers. I’ll pick up quizzes when done. CW: Quiz (opener) *CW: Complete Notes 5.2 (you may skip the internet activity for your class for now). CW: Work on project... You should be completing the video portion explaining the parts of you model, the number, the names, charges, and location... REG: Complete video presentation of model with photo Booth - tell about subatomic particles, location, charge, and how many... HW: Study Guide Question sheet due Tuesday TEST is on WEDNESDAY. LAST DAY TO RETAKE THE ELEMENT-SYMBOL QUIZ....

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Work on your project. INTERACTIVE POSTER in PAGES APPLICATION: Do you have these items on your poster? *BASIC FACTS... *ACROSTIC/POEM/SLOGAN *BOHR DRAWING FROM GOOGLE DRAW *1 picture of your model you made... *2 other pictures that relate to your element *video of you explaining your model including the location of electrons, protons, neutrons, their respective charges and number of them; point them out... either using iMovie, Photo Booth, or keynote with voice override.... or combination... *video link from internet - may be brought from home - not required for REG/CWC* Is your poster page neat, easy to read, and the general look is colorful/interesting... Make sure there are no typing or spelling errors.. Have you pulled in your presentation into the poster to play it?

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table The eight-note interval between any two notes on a keyboard with the same name is an octave. The sounds of musical notes that are separated by an octave are related, but they are not identical. In a similar way, elements in the same column of the modern periodic table are related but not identical.

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Mendelev developed his table before the discovery of protons. The Periodic Law In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons). Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups.

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Each row in the table of elements is a period. The number of elements in the period varies because the number of available orbitals increases from energy level to energy level. Example: row 1 has 1 energy level, row 2 has 2 energy levels, row 3 has 3 energy levels., etc. Hydrogen, the first element in Period 1, has one electron in its first energy level. Lithium, the first element in Period 2, has one electron in its second energy level. Sodium, the first element in Period 3, has one electron in its third energy level. This pattern applies to all the elements in the first column on the table. The Periodic Law -Periods

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Groups Each column in the periodic table is called a group. The elements in a group have similar properties because they have similar electron configurations, so members of a group in the periodic table have similar chemical properties. This pattern of repeating properties is the periodic law. The Periodic Law

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Let’s have Bryant Prieur start us out with a brief overview of the set up of the periodic table &feature=iv

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table The Periodic Law Periodic Table of the Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table What does the atomic mass of an element depend on? Atomic Mass Atomic mass is a value that depends on the distribution of an element’s isotopes in nature and the masses of those isotopes.

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Atomic Mass Units The mass of an atom in grams is extremely small. In order to have a convenient way to compare the masses of atoms, scientists chose one isotope to serve as a standard. Scientists assigned 12 atomic mass units to the carbon-12 atom, which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. An atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Atomic Mass

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table There are four pieces of information for each element. Atomic Mass

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table There are four pieces of information for each element. Atomic Mass Atomic number

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table There are four pieces of information for each element. Atomic Mass Atomic number Element symbol

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table There are four pieces of information for each element. Atomic Mass Atomic number Element symbol Element name

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table There are four pieces of information for each element. Atomic Mass Atomic number Element symbol Element name Atomic mass

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Isotopes of Chlorine In nature, most elements exist as a mixture of two or more isotopes. The element chlorine has an atomic mass of amu. Where does the number come from? There are two natural isotopes of chlorine, chlorine-35 and chlorine-37. An atom of chlorine-35 has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. An atom of chlorine-37 has 17 protons and 20 neutrons. Atomic Mass

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Weighted Averages This table shows the atomic masses for the two naturally occurring chlorine isotopes. The value of the atomic mass for chlorine is a weighted average. If you add the atomic masses of the isotopes and divide by 2, you get , not Atomic Mass

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Weighted Average Calculation Example with Chlorine. Note that the total Percentage = 100% because these all the existing isotopes of the Chlorine Atom... To calculate the weighted average, change the percentages to a decimal and multiply by the atomic mass for each isotope and add their sums. (.7578) (34.969) + (.2422) (36.966) = This is where the average atomic mass comes from on the periodic table.

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table YOU MUST DO THIS ACTIVITY!!! Understanding average amu (atomic mass units) with isotopes and percentages... Do a few more examples... Click here for problems to complete l Record the 4 examples in your notes. Show all of your work. Check your answers. Get help if you do not understand.

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Elements are classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on their states at room temperature. Elements are divided into those that occur naturally and those that do not. All but 2 elements with atomic numbers 1 through 92 occur on Earth. Elements with numbers of 93 and higher do not occur naturally. Man-made elements are called synthetic elements. Many are radioactive meaning that their nuclei are continually decaying to produce different elements. Examples: promethium and technetium Classes of Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table The periodic table presents three different ways to classify elements. State: solid—black symbol, liquid— purple symbol, or gas—red symbol Occurrence in nature: elements that do not occur naturally—white symbol. General properties: metal—blue background, nonmetal— yellow/tan background, or metalloid—green background Classes of Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table The Periodic Law Periodic Table of the Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Elements are also put into categories based on their general properties and are classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Classes of Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Properties of Metals The majority of the elements on the periodic table are classified as metals. Metals are shiny elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat. Except for mercury (Hg), metals are solids at room temperature and soft. Most metals are malleable. Many metals are ductile; that is, they can be drawn into thin wires. differing reactivity Classes of Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table A When magnesium reacts with oxygen, a dull layer forms on its surface. The layer can be removed to reveal magnesium’s shiny surface. B Many telescope mirrors are coated with aluminum to produce a surface that reflects light extremely well. Classes of Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table The metals in groups 3 through 12 are called transition metals. Transition metals are elements that form a bridge between the elements on the left and right sides of the table. Transition elements, such as copper and silver, were among the first elements discovered. One property of many transition metals is their ability to form compounds with distinctive colors. Properties of Transition Metals

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table A compound of oxygen and the transition element erbium is used to tint the pink glass lenses. Classes of Elements Other transition metals include gold, silver, and platinum.

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Nonmetals Nonmetals generally have properties opposite to those of metals. Nonmetals are elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current. Nonmetals have low boiling points–many nonmetals are gases at room temperature. Nonmetals that are solids at room temperature tend to be brittle. If they are hit with a hammer, they shatter or crumble. Classes of Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal. The gases in Group 18 are the least reactive elements in the table. Some toothpastes use a compound of the nonmetal fluorine and the metal sodium to help prevent tooth decay. Classes of Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Metalloids (also known as semimetals, semiconductors) Metalloid elements are located on the periodic table between metals and nonmetals. Metalloids are elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals. For example, a metalloid’s ability to conduct electric current varies with temperature. Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are good insulators at low temperatures and good conductors at high temperatures. Classes of Elements

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Across a period from left to right, the elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic in their properties. The most reactive metals are on the left side of the table (Group 1). The most reactive nonmetals are on the right side of in Group 17 (7A). Variations Across a Period

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Reading from left to right across Period 3, there are three metals (Na, Mg, and Al), one metalloid (Si), and four nonmetals (P, S, Cl, and Ar). Variations Across a Period

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Sodium reacts violently with water. Magnesium will not react with water unless the water is hot. Aluminum does not react with water, but it does react with oxygen. Silicon is generally unreactive. Phosphorus and sulfur do not react with water, but they do react with oxygen. Chlorine is highly reactive. Argon hardly reacts at all. Variations Across a Period

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Assessment Questions - ANSWER THESE MENTALLY & CHECK. 1. What determines the atomic mass of an element? a. the natural distribution of isotopes and the atomic numbers of those isotopes b. the natural distribution of isotopes and the masses of those isotopes c. the mass of the isotope of the element that has the most neutrons d. the average number of protons in the element’s nucleus

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Assessment Questions 1. What determines the atomic mass of an element? a. the natural distribution of isotopes and the atomic numbers of those isotopes b. the natural distribution of isotopes and the masses of those isotopes c. the mass of the isotope of the element that has the most neutrons d. the average number of protons in the element’s nucleus ANS:B

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Assessment Questions 2. Which of the following is not characteristic of metals? a. ductile b. good electrical conductor c. typically solid at room temperature d. brittle

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Assessment Questions 2. Which of the following is not characteristic of metals? a. ductile b. good electrical conductor c. typically solid at room temperature d. brittle ANS:D

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Assessment Questions 3. Within a period of the periodic table, how do the properties of the elements vary? a. Metallic characteristics increase from left to right. b. Metallic characteristics decrease from left to right. c. Reactivity increases from left to right. d. Reactivity decreases from left to right.

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Assessment Questions 3. Within a period of the periodic table, how do the properties of the elements vary? a. Metallic characteristics increase from left to right. b. Metallic characteristics decrease from left to right. c. Reactivity increases from left to right. d. Reactivity decreases from left to right. ANS:B

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Assessment Questions 1. In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass. True False

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Assessment Questions 1. In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass. True False ANS:F, atomic number

5.2 The Modern Periodic Table Work on your project. INTERACTIVE POSTER in PAGES APPLICATION: Do you have these items on your poster? *BASIC FACTS... *ACROSTIC/POEM/SLOGAN *BOHR DRAWING FROM GOOGLE DRAW *2 other pictures that relate to your element *video of you explaining your model including the location of electrons, protons, neutrons, their respective charges and number of them; point them out... either using iMovie, Photo Booth, or keynote with voice override.... or combination... *video link from internet - may be brought from home - not required for REG/CWC* Is your poster page neat, easy to read, and the general look is colorful/interesting... Make sure there are no typing or spelling errors.. Have you pulled in your presentation into the poster to play it?