International Trade on a Warming Globe Olga Nartova, Sofya Matteotti World Trade Institute NCCR Trade Regulation Individual Project on Energy in WTO Law and Policy

NCCR Trade Regulation: IP6 on energy in WTO law and policy What we currently do (Phase 1): –Trade and energy issues: Subsidies, Energy Services, OPEC, Government Procurement –Trade and climate change: WTO-Kyoto inter-linkages, EU ETS –Joint project with the NCCR Climate on BTA Future Plans (Phase 2): –Climate change mitigation and adaptation policies from the WTO prospective, Agriculture, Water –Interdisciplinary approach (law, econ, political science)

What Role for the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)? Energy and Environmental Services Address/ clarify positions on classification issues Come along with the liberalization of goods

What is EGS? Conceptual definition End-of-pipe vs EPPS Clean vs Cleaner

Classification GATS Sewage Refuse/ Disposal Sanition Other OECD Pollution Management Cleaner Technologies Resource Management EU Water/Waste water Waste Management Air/Climate Prot Remediation/ Clean up Noise/ Vibration Biodeversity Other

A Way Forward identification of a list of key goods & services and technologies tackling barriers to trade specific goods and services related to air pollution and climate enhancing energy efficiency

Participation of the OPEC countries in Global Dialog Article 4.8 of the UNFCCC: “In the implementation of the commitments in this Article, the Parties shall give full consideration to what actions are necessary under the convention including actions related to funding, insurance and the transfer of technology, to adverse effects of climate change and/or the impact of the implementation of responses measures, especially on:…. (h) Countries whose economies are highly dependent on income generated from the production, processing and export, and/or consumption of fossil fuels and associated energy intensive products;” Article 2.3 and 3.14 of the Kyoto Protocol: “The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention…”

Main Concerns in the CC Debates Leading role of petroleum; Technology transfer; Minimization of adverse impacts; Economic diversification; Way forward for OPEC.

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