1. The Way Forward Benjamin Simmons UNEP The Perfect Storm Trade, Finance and Climate in 2009 15 September 2008 Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics Economics and Trade Branch

2. Key Themes in Debate Competitiveness Carbon leakage Equity Economic development

3. “The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly, the developed country Parties should take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof.” -UNFCCC, Article 3.1

4. Principal issues discussed Border measures Technology transfer Standards and labelling Energy subsidies But, agriculture and services arguably most important

5. Future energy trends

6. Way forward revisited 1. What opportunities exist in the Doha negotiations? 2. What about post-Doha? CAUTION! IS THE WTO THE BEST FORUM?

7. “... the relationship between international trade, the WTO, and climate change, would be best defined by a consensual international accord on climate change. One that successfully embraces all major emitters. In other words, until a truly global consensus emerges on how best to tackle the issue of climate change, WTO Members will continue to hold different views on what the multilateral trading system can and must do.” -Pascal Lamy

8. Current opportunity Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Full Notification of Energy Subsidies

9. Potential Doha opportunities 1. Para. 31(i) – WTO/MEA relationship 2. Para. 31(iii) – environmental goods and services liberalization 3. Para. 51 – sustainable development

10. Potential post-Doha opportunities 1. Energy subsidies 2. IPR flexibility 3. Conformity of standards/labelling 4. Border adjustment 5. Assessment

11. THANK YOU! UNEP Economics and Trade Branch www.unep.ch/etb Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics Economics and Trade Branch