Environmental Science Chapter 2 – Scientific Tools Test Review Ms. Putnam

1. ______ is the classification and collection of data in numerical form. Statistics

2. ______ is the group that does not receive the experimental treatment in an experiment . Control group

3. By examining _____, scientists can test predictions for situations in which it is impossible or unethical to use experiments. correlations

4. Scientists use predictions to… Analyze data

5. In an experiment, the factor of interest is called the ________________ variable

6. The average mass of an apple in a basket of apples is an example of _______. mean

7. A model of a car is an example of a __________________________________ model. physical

  8. The chance that an tornado will occur in your town during the next year is an example of ________. risk

9. List the 5 steps of the Experimental Method Observing Hypothesizing Predicting Experimenting Communicating results

10. Identify 3 reasons why mathematical models are important: 1. helpful in situations with many variable 2. used to create digital images 3. used to represent how something works

11. ___________ is the step in the experimental method scientists are conducting when they photograph a cheetah running? observation

12. If you consider what will add to our understanding of the natural world in making an environmental decision, you are examining a(n) ________________ value. scientific

  13. Before you can make a decision using a decision-making model, list the 3 steps must you take: 1. gather information 2. consider which values apply to the issue 3. explore the consequences of each option

  14. In a scientific investigation, it is important that the number of objects or events being sampled be Large enough to give an accurate estimate for the whole population

A good hypothesis is more than a guess because it: Makes logical sense

16. List the two essential characteristics a good experiment has: A control is used A single variable is tested

  17. When making a decision about whether or not to build a dam and you consider how many jobs building the dam will generate. Which value are you using? economic

Exploring consequences 18. What step in a simple environmental decision-making model are you taking when you consider whether or not people will benefit financially from setting aside land as a national park? Exploring consequences

Place the last 3 parts of the experimental method in the correct order: Drawing conclusions Repeating experiments Communicating results

20. When you ask the question, “Should a nuclear waste dump site should be built near a major body of water?” you are considering what type of values? environmental

21. To get an accurate result, a sample size must be Large enough to give an accurate estimate of the whole population

22. Principles or standards we consider important are known as values

23. List 3 things the decision-making model does: 1. provides a conceptual model 2. provides a logical process 3. helps you make decisions

  24. What is the difference between a quantitative and qualitative observation Quantitative – measurements that must contain numbers, ex. 15 cm Qualitative – observed with your senses, ex. Color, smell

25. The chance that an event will happen is known as ________. probability

26. A(n) _______________________________________ is a logical statement about what will happen in an experiment if the hypothesis is correct. prediction

27. Numeric information called _______________ is gathered in an experiment. data

28. In statistics, the group of individuals used to represent the population is called the ____ sample

  29. Equations used to represent how a scientific process works are called ________________ models. mathematical

30. Principles or standards we consider important are known as ________________. values

31. When scientists are not able to use an experiment to test a prediction, ___________________ can be examined. correlations

32. The probability of an unwanted outcome occurring is _______ risk

33. A(n) ____________________________ model is a systematic process you can use to help you make decisions. Decision-making

34. The ______ consists of a series of steps used by scientists to identify and answer questions. Experimental Method

35. Information known as a(n) _______________ is gathered by using the senses. observation

36. One step in a decision-making model is to explore both positive and negative ______________of each option. consequences

  37. The _____ is the group that does not receive the experimental treatment in an experiment. Control group

38. The first step in the decision-making model is to ____________________________________. Gather information

  39. A(n) _______________________ is a testable explanation for an observation. hypothesis

  40. Three-dimensional models you can touch are referred to as ______________________ models. physical

41. A(n) ___________ can explain an observation and predict what might happen in the future. theory

  42. A(n) _______________ observation is a type of observation that does not contain a number. qualitative

43. The ______________________ variable is the variable being tested in the experiment. It is the part of the experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter. independent

  44. The ______________________ variable is the variable being measured in response to the variable being tested. dependent

45. The city council is proposing to build a dam on the local river 45. The city council is proposing to build a dam on the local river. Site numerous positive and negative consequences for building the dam. Answers may vary but should reflect the student’s understanding of the decision-making model. Sample: Positive short term consequences: construction jobs created, some home values may increase Negative short term consequences: habitats disturbed/destroyed Positive long term consequences: recreational opportunities, source of water and energy Negative long term consequences: home owners that don’t want to move will lose their homes, organisms may become endangered