Chloroplast two-component systems: evolution of the link between photosynthesis and gene expression by Sujith Puthiyaveetil, and John F. Allen Proceedings B Volume 276(1665): June 22, 2009 ©2009 by The Royal Society

Schematic of a two-component system. Sujith Puthiyaveetil, and John F. Allen Proc. R. Soc. B 2009;276: ©2009 by The Royal Society

Predicted domain composition of chloroplast sensor kinases, (a) ycf26 and (b) CSK. Individual domains are labelled as follows: TM, transmembrane; HAMP, domain present in histidine kinases, adenylyl cyclases, methyl-accepting proteins and phosphatases; PAS,... Sujith Puthiyaveetil, and John F. Allen Proc. R. Soc. B 2009;276: ©2009 by The Royal Society

Chloroplast sensor kinases show molecular evolution in their kinase domains. Sujith Puthiyaveetil, and John F. Allen Proc. R. Soc. B 2009;276: ©2009 by The Royal Society

Conserved sequence features of chloroplast response regulators. Sujith Puthiyaveetil, and John F. Allen Proc. R. Soc. B 2009;276: ©2009 by The Royal Society

Lineage-specific distribution of the chloroplast two-component systems. Sujith Puthiyaveetil, and John F. Allen Proc. R. Soc. B 2009;276: ©2009 by The Royal Society

A model explaining the operation of a CSK-based two-component system in chloroplasts. Sujith Puthiyaveetil, and John F. Allen Proc. R. Soc. B 2009;276: ©2009 by The Royal Society