Nutrition. Food as Fuel Cells need energy to function. Nutrients from food are digested and circulated throughout the body. A nutrient is any substance.

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Presentation transcript:

Nutrition

Food as Fuel Cells need energy to function. Nutrients from food are digested and circulated throughout the body. A nutrient is any substance that has a useful function in the body.

Classification of Food Organic or Inorganic. Macronutrients or Micronutrients.

Organic vs. Inorganic Organic: Produced by living organisms. –Carbohydrates, protein, fats and vitamins. Inorganic: From rocks, soil and seas. –Water and minerals.

Macronutrients vs. Micronutrients Macronutrients - Needed in large amounts. –Carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Micronutrients - Needed in small amounts. –Vitamins and minerals.

Carbohydrates Composed of carbon, hydrogen & oxygen. Major source of energy. Excess stored as glycogen or as fat. Cellulose (fibre) indigestible but important.

Fats Composed of carbon, hydrogen & oxygen. Concentrated source of energy. –2x the energy of carbs. Also used for insulation, forms cell membranes, protects vital organs & increases nerve transmission.

Fats Unsaturated fats: Liquid at room temperature. Saturated fats: Solid at room temperature.

Which Fat is Healthier?

Proteins Structure for skin, muscles & organs, bones. Also enzymes and hormones. Made of 20 amino acids. –8 are essential - get from diet.

Micronutrients Not an energy source Vitamins – Growth & muscle function. - Often act as coenzymes. Minerals – E.g., iron (blood) & calcium (bones)

Water Most abundant substance in body. 90% of blood plasma. Transports all nutrients. Forms extracellular fluid between cells. Regulates body temperature