Evolution Chapter 15 of Biology Text Chapter 4 of Environmental Science Text

Student Performance Standards SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. a. Trace the history of the theory.a. Trace the history of the theory. b. Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of evolution.b. Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of evolution. c. Explain how fossils and biochemical evidence support the theory.c. Explain how fossils and biochemical evidence support the theory.

Lesson Essential Question How do organisms adapt to their environment? How do organisms adapt to their environment?

Write down the characteristics you think help the chameleon when it hunts.

Charles Darwin ( ) English Naturalist English Naturalist Sailed on the HMS Beagle from Sailed on the HMS Beagle from His job was to collect biological and geological specimens during the ship’s travels to S. America. His job was to collect biological and geological specimens during the ship’s travels to S. America. Collected rocks, fossils, plants, and animalsCollected rocks, fossils, plants, and animals

Galapagos Islands: A series of islands off the coast of S. AmericaA series of islands off the coast of S. America Darwin reached the islands in 1835Darwin reached the islands in 1835 Each island had it’s own slightly different variety of plants and animals.Each island had it’s own slightly different variety of plants and animals. Darwin collected mockingbirds and finchesDarwin collected mockingbirds and finches “Darwin’s Finches”“Darwin’s Finches” Darwin began to suspect populations from the mainland changed after reaching the Galapagos.Darwin began to suspect populations from the mainland changed after reaching the Galapagos. Hypothesized that new species could appear gradually through small changes in ancestral species.Hypothesized that new species could appear gradually through small changes in ancestral species.

Galapagos Islands – a series of volcanic islands off the coast of Ecuador

Natural Selection Darwin proposed that the environment exerts a strong influence over which individuals survive to produce offspring. Darwin proposed that the environment exerts a strong influence over which individuals survive to produce offspring. Darwin used the term natural selection to describe the survival and reproduction of organisms with particular traits. Darwin used the term natural selection to describe the survival and reproduction of organisms with particular traits.

Add These Vocab Words To Your Study Guide What are genes? What are genes? What are traits? What are traits? What does heredity mean? What does heredity mean? What are heritable traits? What are heritable traits?

What is different about these finches? Why?

Principles for Natural Selection 1. Differences within a population are visible and vary in each generation. 2. Variations can be inherited. 3. More individuals are born than live to grow up and reproduce. 4. Individuals with some genes are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other genes.

Darwin’s Conclusion Based on the 4 principles listed on the previous slide, Darwin concluded that individuals with genetic traits that make them more likely to grow up and reproduce in the existing environment will become more common in the population from one generation to the next. Based on the 4 principles listed on the previous slide, Darwin concluded that individuals with genetic traits that make them more likely to grow up and reproduce in the existing environment will become more common in the population from one generation to the next.

What is Evolution? - Darwin proposed that over many generations, natural selection causes the characteristics of populations to change. A change in characteristics from one generation to the next is evolution. - Evolution works on populations not individuals. - Evolution is CHANGE OVER TIME.

Support for Evolution 1. Fossil Record:

GlyptodontsArmadillos

Ratite Birds

The Origin of Species 1859 – Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 1859 – Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection Main Points: Main Points: The diverse forms of life have arisen by descent with modification from ancestral species.The diverse forms of life have arisen by descent with modification from ancestral species. The mechanism of modification has been natural selection working over enormous tracts of time.The mechanism of modification has been natural selection working over enormous tracts of time. Darwin used the term evolution only on the last page. Darwin used the term evolution only on the last page.

Adaptations See Figure 8 on page 105 in ES Book. See Figure 8 on page 105 in ES Book. The deer’s thick fur is an adaptation – an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction in a certain environment. The deer’s thick fur is an adaptation – an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction in a certain environment.

Coevolution Coevolution is the process of two species evolving in response to long- term interactions with each other. Coevolution is the process of two species evolving in response to long- term interactions with each other.

Artificial Selection vs. Natural Selection Artificial Selection vs. Natural Selection Artificial Selection – Selective breeding (dogs, plants that grow fruit) Artificial Selection – Selective breeding (dogs, plants that grow fruit) Darwin inferred that the same process could happen in nature to create new species. Darwin inferred that the same process could happen in nature to create new species. Natural Selection – if given enough time, natural selection could modify a population enough to produce a new species. Natural Selection – if given enough time, natural selection could modify a population enough to produce a new species.

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Evolution of Resistance Resistance is the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it. Resistance is the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it. See Figure 11, page 107 See Figure 11, page 107 HIV HIV Antibiotics prescribed to cure bacterial infections Antibiotics prescribed to cure bacterial infections

PBS Video Clips ators/teachstuds/svideos.html ators/teachstuds/svideos.html ators/teachstuds/svideos.html ators/teachstuds/svideos.html Watch “Isn’t Evolution Just a Theory?” Watch “Isn’t Evolution Just a Theory?” Watch “Who Was Charles Darwin?” Watch “Who Was Charles Darwin?”