The Industrial Revolution, 1788 and beyond

What Do You Know? Write or draw what you know about convict transportation to Australia? View these images and song and add more /watch?v=dh5nJvnrcT4

The Role of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution in Britain meant many people could not make a living on the land This caused movement to cities Overcrowding and unemployment had made life for the ordinary person very difficult This lead to poverty and increased crime rates.

The Role of the Industrial Revolution People could be deported for crimes such as vagrancy (being homeless and unemployed) or robbery of goods less than a shilling (about $50 today) Stealing goods worth more than a shilling meant death by hanging.

The Role of the Industrial Revolution Prisons were over-crowded and conditions were very poor Convicts were being kept in large ships called “hulks” floating on rivers North America was no longer taking convicts Ship-building supplies were needed Britain wanted to “beat” other countries Britain looked to Botany Bay

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Types of Convicts

As the new colony developed, five different categories of convicts emerged. Government service convicts Worst type of convict, who worked in gangs (sometimes chained together) building roads and public buildings and clearing land. Expirees Convicts Completed the full term of their sentence and often became farmers and graziers. Emancipists Convicts Behaved so well that they were pardoned ahead of time. If fully pardoned, a convict could return to Britain. Assigned convicts Better behaved convicts, who were ‘loaned’ to free settlers. Convicts with trade skills were always in demand. Ticket-of-leave convicts Well-behaved convicts, who were allowed to work for themselves for wages. A ticket of leave could be taken away for unacceptable behaviour.

Timeline About 50,000 British criminals were transported to colonies in America AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE - hostilities with Britain brought transportation to a halt British prisons and hulks began to over-flow. 1786The colony of New South Wales was proclaimed by King George III 23/01/1787 British parliament informed that Lord Sydney had agreed to send convicts to New South Wales. 13/05/1787The 11 ships of the FIRST FLEET left Portsmouth under the command of Capt Arthur Phillip. 18/01/1788 The fleet arrived in Botany Bay but the landing party was not impressed with the site, and moved the fleet to Port Jackson and settled in Sydney Cove on 26/01/ SECOND FLEET of convicts arrived. 1791THIRD FLEET of convicts arrived.

Timeline 1793First free settlers arrived. 21/01/1827 WESTERN AUSTRALIA was established when a small British settlement was established at King George's Sound (Albany) 28/12/1836The British province of SOUTH AUSTRALIA was established. 1841NEW ZEALAND separated from New South Wales 1851 VICTORIA separated from New South Wales (formerly known as the Port Phillip District of NSW. The first immigrant ships arrived at Port Phillip in /12/1859 QUEENSLAND separated from New South Wales In 1825 the area occupied today by the NORTHERN TERRITORY was incorporated into the colony of New South Wales. 1901The FEDERATION of Australian States took place.

Viewing and Listening Why Botany Bay? (Clickview) Tony Robinson Downunder Transportation (2:00) – part of “Race to the End…” Race to the End of the World - (2:50-8:20, 31:00-51:05) about journey Against The Odds (54:00-)