Introduction to Life Science

What is science? ___________– systematic study of natural events and conditions Scientists observe, investigate, and measure to gather___________. Scientific ideas must be _________ and ___________ before data is shared with others.

Who are scientist? What does a scientist look like? What characteristics make for a good scientist? 1. ____________ 2. Creativity 3. ____________

Scientific Method Overview 1. Make __________ 2. Describe or ask a problem 3. Develop a _______ (If/then format) -> must be testable 4. _________ an experiment 5. _____________ 6. Evaluate your data 7. Draw a_____________

Characteristic's that living thing share 1. Made up of one or more cells 2. __________ to their environment 3. Use _______ 4. Grow and mature 5. Living things Reproduce

1. Made up of cells Cell is a membrane covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life. Cells are the ________________ __________ organisms are made up of one cell __________ organisms have more than one cell

2. Respond to their environment Two parts: Stimulus and Response ___________ – A change that affects the activity of that organism ___________ – how the organism reacts Example. __________ – cold temperature __________– you get goose bumps on your arm

Goosebumps

3. Use Energy Need energy to survive. What are some ways organisms get their energy? ProducerConsumer

3. Get or Make Energy All animals need energy to survive. Energy is needed to maintain body temperature. ___________ -The maintenance of a stable internal environment Ex. Your body sweats when it gets too hot; sweating helps control your body temperature at a comfortable level.

4. Growth

5. Reproduction Two basic ways: _________ reproduction results in diverse offspring. Requires two parents What does this mean: diverse offspring? _________ reproduction – single parent produces offspring whose genetic material is identical to its parent

Microscopes Come in several different types, but all serve to magnify an object too small to see with the naked eye.

Body Tube Nosepiece Objectives Stage Clips Light Ocular lens (Eyepiece) Arm Stage Coarse Adjustment Fine Adjustment Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the arm and one hand under the base. Base Diaphragm Compound Light Microscope

MagnificationOcular lensTotal Magnification Scanning4x10x40x Low Power10x 100x High Power40x10x400x Magnification Your microscope has 3 magnifications: ___________, _______________, and __________________. Each objective will have written the magnification. In addition to this, the ocular lens (eyepiece) has a magnification. To calculate the power of magnification: multiply the power of the __________ by the power of the ___________.

Comparing Powers of Magnification We can see better details with higher the powers of magnification, but we cannot see as much of the image. Which of these images would be viewed at a higher power of magnification?

Focusing Specimens 1. Always start with the scanning objective.. Use the Coarse Knob to focus, image may be small at this magnification, Do not use stage clips yet, try moving the slide around until you find something. 2. Once you've focused on Scanning, switch to Low Power. Use the Coarse Knob to refocus. 3. Now switch to High Power. At this point, ONLY use the Fine Adjustment Knob to focus specimens. 4. If the specimen is too light or too dark, try adjusting the diaphragm. 5. If you are still having trouble contact me.

Drawing Specimens 1. Use ________- you can erase and shade areas 2. All drawings should include clear and proper labels (and be large enough to view details). Drawings should be labeled with the specimen name and magnification. 3. Labels should be written on the outside of the circle. The circle indicates the viewing field as seen through the eyepiece, specimens should be drawn to scale - ie..if your specimen takes up the whole viewing field, make sure your drawing reflects that.

Drawing Specimens

Taxonomy What is the scientific name for the human species? What are the common names for Felis familiaris and Canis Familiaris? Why classify?

Organization To study the diversity of life scientists need a system to name and group organisms in a logical way. ____________ - scientific discipline that classifies and assigns organisms a universally accepted name

Classification Modern system developed by Carolus Linnaeus Used Greek and Latin languages for scientific names Linnaeus system is hierarchical with __________ Each level is called a taxon

Hierarchical System of classification From largest to smallest 1. Kingdom 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. Order 5. _______ 6. Genus 7. Species

Binomial Nomenclature Two part system that scientists use to classify organisms Genus- group of similar species Species- the particular type of species Ex. Canis familiaris & Felis familiaris

Canis familiaris & Felis familiaris