Chapter 14 – The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Gross Anatomy of Spinal Cord / Spinal Meninges Sectional Anatomy of Spinal Cord The Cervical and Brachial Plexuses The Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses Reflexes / Clinical Correlatives FINAL ROUND

Topic 1: $100 Question Regarding gross anatomy of the spinal cord, which structure(s) supplies nerves to the pectoral girdle? a. lumbosacral enlargement b. dorsal root c. cervical enlargement d. rami communicantes BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $100 Answer Regarding gross anatomy of the spinal cord, which structure(s) supplies nerves to the pectoral girdle? a. lumbosacral enlargement b. dorsal root c. cervical enlargement d. rami communicantes BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $200 Question Where is cerebrospinal fluid found? a. in the subarachnoid space b. in the subdural space c. in the epidural space d. within the pia mater BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $200 Answer Where is cerebrospinal fluid found? a. in the subarachnoid space b. in the subdural space c. in the epidural space d. within the pia mater BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $300 Question Which of the following statements regarding the spinal meninges is/are false? a. It is likely that, in life, no subdural space exists along the spinal cord; rather, the inner surface of the dura is in contact with the outer surface of the pia mater. b. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the subarachnoid space, which acts as a shock absorber and a diffusion medium. c. Arachnoid trabeculae extend from the inner surface of the arachnoid mater to the outer surface of the pia mater. d. None of the above is false. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $300 Answer Which of the following statements regarding the spinal meninges is/are false? a. It is likely that, in life, no subdural space exists along the spinal cord; rather, the inner surface of the dura is in contact with the outer surface of the pia mater. b. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the subarachnoid space, which acts as a shock absorber and a diffusion medium. c. Arachnoid trabeculae extend from the inner surface of the arachnoid mater to the outer surface of the pia mater. d. None of the above is false. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $400 Question The adult spinal cord extends from the brain to which vertebral level? a. L 4 -L 5 b. L 3 -L 4 c. T 12 -L 1 d. L 1 -L 2 BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $400 Answer The adult spinal cord extends from the brain to which vertebral level? a. L 4 -L 5 b. L 3 -L 4 c. T 12 -L 1 d. L 1 -L 2 BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $500 Question Which of the following statements regarding spinal segments is/are true? a. Each spinal segment is associated with a pair of dorsal root ganglia that contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons. b. Posterior to the dorsal root, a ventral root leaves the spinal cord. c. The dorsal and ventral roots of each segment enter and leave the vertebral canal via the vertebral foramina. d. a and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $500 Answer Which of the following statements regarding spinal segments is/are true? a. Each spinal segment is associated with a pair of dorsal root ganglia that contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons. b. Posterior to the dorsal root, a ventral root leaves the spinal cord. c. The dorsal and ventral roots of each segment enter and leave the vertebral canal via the vertebral foramina. d. a and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $100 Question Which structure of the spinal cord contains axons crossing from one side of the cord to the other before reaching a destination within the gray matter? a. posterior (dorsal) gray horn b. anterior (ventral) gray horn c. lateral gray horn d. gray commissure BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $100 Answer Which structure of the spinal cord contains axons crossing from one side of the cord to the other before reaching a destination within the gray matter? a. posterior (dorsal) gray horn b. anterior (ventral) gray horn c. lateral gray horn d. gray commissure BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $200 Question Which structure of the spinal cord contains somatic and visceral sensory nuclei? a.posterior (dorsal) gray horn b. anterior (ventral) gray horn c. posterior white column d. lateral white column BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $200 Answer Which structure of the spinal cord contains somatic and visceral sensory nuclei? a.posterior (dorsal) gray horn b. anterior (ventral) gray horn c. posterior white column d. lateral white column BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $300 Question In which spinal cord regions are the anterior (ventral) gray horns the largest? a. cervical and thoracic regions b. thoracic and sacral regions c. cervical and lumbar regions d. thoracic and lumbar regions BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $300 Answer In which spinal cord regions are the anterior (ventral) gray horns the largest? a. cervical and thoracic regions b. thoracic and sacral regions c. cervical and lumbar regions d. thoracic and lumbar regions BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $400 Question How many gray commissures exist within the spinal cord? a. 1 b. 2 c. 12 d. 31 BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $400 Answer How many gray commissures exist within the spinal cord? a. 1 b. 2 c. 12 d. 31 BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $500 Question Regarding the organization of motor nuclei within each gray horn, which of the following is false? a. Nerves innervating skeletal muscles of more proximal structures are located more medially than nerves innervating more distal structures. b. The size of the anterior horn varies with the number of skeletal muscles innervated by that segment. c. Nuclei innervating the skeletal muscles of the forearm are located more laterally than those innervating the skeletal muscles of the shoulder. d. None of the above is false. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $500 Answer Regarding the organization of motor nuclei within each gray horn, which of the following is false? a. Nerves innervating skeletal muscles of more proximal structures are located more medially than nerves innervating more distal structures. b. The size of the anterior horn varies with the number of skeletal muscles innervated by that segment. c. Nuclei innervating the skeletal muscles of the forearm are located more laterally than those innervating the skeletal muscles of the shoulder. d. None of the above is false. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $100 Question Which connective tissue covering of a peripheral nerve is composed of collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and fibrocytes, and divides the nerve into a series of fascicles? a. epineurium b. endoneurium c. perineurium d. dura mater BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $100 Answer Which connective tissue covering of a peripheral nerve is composed of collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and fibrocytes, and divides the nerve into a series of fascicles? a. epineurium b. endoneurium c. perineurium d. dura mater BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $200 Question Which of the following is a structure of the rami communicantes which supplies postganglion fibers to smooth muscles and glands of the body wall and limbs? a. dorsal ramus b. gray ramus c. ventral ramus d. white ramus BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $200 Answer Which of the following is a structure of the rami communicantes which supplies postganglion fibers to smooth muscles and glands of the body wall and limbs? a. dorsal ramus b. gray ramus c. ventral ramus d. white ramus BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $300 Question Regarding the rami of autonomic nervous system ganglia, which of the following statements is/are false? a. Two groups of unmyelinated postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion. b. Preganglionic fibers that innervate internal organs do not rejoin the spinal nerves; instead, they form a series of separate autonomic nerves. c. Postganglionic fibers that innervate internal organs rejoin spinal nerves. d. a and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $300 Answer Regarding the rami of autonomic nervous system ganglia, which of the following statements is/are false? a. Two groups of unmyelinated postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion. b. Preganglionic fibers that innervate internal organs do not rejoin the spinal nerves; instead, they form a series of separate autonomic nerves. c. Postganglionic fibers that innervate internal organs rejoin spinal nerves. d. a and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $400 Question Regarding the nerves of the cervical plexus, which nerve(s) innervates the sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, geniohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles? a. lesser occipital nerve (C 2 -C 3 ) b. cervical nerves (C 1 -C 5 ) c. ansa cervicalis (superior and inferior branches; C 1 -C 4 ) d. phrenic nerve (C 3 -C 5 ) BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $400 Answer Regarding the nerves of the cervical plexus, which nerve(s) innervates the sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, geniohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles? a. lesser occipital nerve (C 2 -C 3 ) b. cervical nerves (C 1 -C 5 ) c. ansa cervicalis (superior and inferior branches; C 1 -C 4 ) d. phrenic nerve (C 3 -C 5 ) BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $500 Question Regarding the brachial plexus, the posterior cord gives rise to the: a. musculocutaneous and median nerves. b. median and radial nerves. c. musculocutaneous and axillary nerves. d. axillary and radial nerves. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $500 Answer Regarding the brachial plexus, the posterior cord gives rise to the: a. musculocutaneous and median nerves. b. median and radial nerves. c. musculocutaneous and axillary nerves. d. axillary and radial nerves. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $100 Question Which nerve(s) of the lumbar plexus is/are responsible for supplying the abdominal muscles (external and internal obliques, and transversus abdominis)? a. genitofemoral nerve b. ilioinguinal nerve c. iliohypogastric nerve d. b and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $100 Answer Which nerve(s) of the lumbar plexus is/are responsible for supplying the abdominal muscles (external and internal obliques, and transversus abdominis)? a. genitofemoral nerve b. ilioinguinal nerve c. iliohypogastric nerve d. b and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $200 Question The lumbar plexus is formed by the ventral rami of which spinal segments? a. T 6 -L 1 b. T 12 -L 4 c. T 12 -L 1 d. L 4 -S 4 BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $200 Answer The lumbar plexus is formed by the ventral rami of which spinal segments? a. T 6 -L 1 b. T 12 -L 4 c. T 12 -L 1 d. L 4 -S 4 BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $300 Question Spinal segments S 2 -S 4 define which of the following nerves? a. superior and inferior gluteal nerves b. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve c. pudendal nerve d. sciatic nerve BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $300 Answer Spinal segments S 2 -S 4 define which of the following nerves? a. superior and inferior gluteal nerves b. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve c. pudendal nerve d. sciatic nerve BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $400 Question The skin of the perineum is innervated by which nerve? a. pudendal nerve b. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve c. inferior gluteal nerve d. genitofemoral nerve BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $400 Answer The skin of the perineum is innervated by which nerve? a. pudendal nerve b. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve c. inferior gluteal nerve d. genitofemoral nerve BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $500 Question Skin over the medial surface of the leg is innervated by the: a. saphenous nerve b. obturator nerve c. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve d. iliohypogastric nerve BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $500 Answer Skin over the medial surface of the leg is innervated by the: a. saphenous nerve b. obturator nerve c. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve d. iliohypogastric nerve BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $100 Question The stretch reflex: a. is a simple monosynaptic reflex. b. provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscles. c. responds to information provided by the stretch receptors of muscle spindles. d. All of the above. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $100 Answer The stretch reflex: a. is a simple monosynaptic reflex. b. provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscles. c. responds to information provided by the stretch receptors of muscle spindles. d. All of the above. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $200 Question Reflexes can be classified according to which of the following? a. their development b. the nature of the stimulus c. the site of the sensory ganglia d. All of the above. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $200 Answer Reflexes can be classified according to which of the following? a. their development b. the nature of the stimulus c. the site of the sensory ganglia d. All of the above. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $300 Question “Saturday night palsy,” in which pressure on the back of the arm causes extensors of the wrist and fingers to be paralyzed, is due to interruption of the function of which nerve of the brachial plexus? a. median nerve b. ulnar nerve c. radial nerve d. musculocutaneous nerve BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $300 Answer “Saturday night palsy,” in which pressure on the back of the arm causes extensors of the wrist and fingers to be paralyzed, is due to interruption of the function of which nerve of the brachial plexus? a. median nerve b. ulnar nerve c. radial nerve d. musculocutaneous nerve BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $400 Question Carpal tunnel syndrome is a neuropathy resulting from compression of which nerve of the brachial plexus? a. radial nerve b. ulnar nerve c. musculocutaneous nerve d. median nerve BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $400 Answer Carpal tunnel syndrome is a neuropathy resulting from compression of which nerve of the brachial plexus? a. radial nerve b. ulnar nerve c. musculocutaneous nerve d. median nerve BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $500 Question Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a stretch reflex? 1 – Information processing at motor neuron 2 – Stretching of muscle stimulates muscle spindle 3 – Activation of motor neuron 4 – Contraction of muscle 5 – Activation of a sensory neuron a b c d BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $500 Answer Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a stretch reflex? 1 – Information processing at motor neuron 2 – Stretching of muscle stimulates muscle spindle 3 – Activation of motor neuron 4 – Contraction of muscle 5 – Activation of a sensory neuron a b c d BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question Which of the following neural distributions is false? a. The fibular nerve innervates the dorsal surface of the foot. b. The tibial nerve innervates the plantar surface of the foot. c. The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the skin over the anterolateral surface of the hand. d. The ulnar nerve innervates the skin over the medial surface of the hand. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer Which of the following neural distributions is false? a. The fibular nerve innervates the dorsal surface of the foot. b. The tibial nerve innervates the plantar surface of the foot. c. The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the skin over the anterolateral surface of the hand. d. The ulnar nerve innervates the skin over the medial surface of the hand. BACK TO GAME