1. SPINAL CORD & SPINAL NERVES
MARTINI, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, 9TH EDITION, CHAPTER # 13
LAB MANUAL, Exercise # 19
Page # 235
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2. NOTE: THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.
THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS /
QUIZZES.
STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS
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3. Competency 6: The Nervous System
Upon successful completion of this laboratory, the students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the structural and functional features of the nervous system including the special sense organs by:
Describing the structure and functions of the spinal cord and the spinal nerves and their plexuses.
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4. SPINAL MENINGES Surrounds the spinal cord for physical stability
& Shock absorption
Wall of vertebral canal (no part of meninges)
Epidural space- contains fat and blood vessels
imp for anesthetic injection
Dura mater- outermost covering of spinal cord
Subdural space
Aracnoid mater
Subarachnoid space- filled with CSF
CSF- shock absorber
diffusion medium for wastes, gases,
nutrients & chemicals
Pia mater -pia=delicate, mater=mother for nourishment
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7. SPINAL CORD
Dendicular ligaments- prevent lateral movement of the spinal cord
Conus medularis-
End part of the spinal cord, like a conus
Cauda equina- nerve fibers extending after
conus medularis, like a horse tail
Filum terminale- to anchor spinal cord vertically by connecting it with coccyx
F- to prevent up & down movement
Gray matter- it has nuclei
Posterior (dorsal) horns –somatic & visceral sensory nuclei
Anterior (ventral) horns-somatic motor nuclei
Lateral horns- autonomic (visceral) nuclei

8. Grey commissure- to connect two sides of the grey mater
Central canal (the hole in the middle)-
Conteins CSF(cephalo spinal fluid)
White matter- it has tracs or fasciculus
Posterior (dorsal) white column (funiculus)
Carry sensory info
Lateral white column (funiculus)-
Carry sensory & motor info
Anterior (ventral) white column (funiculus)
Anterior median fissure- deep groove
Posterior median sulcus- shallow groove
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15. SPINAL NERVES Posterior root- carry sensory info
Posterior root ganglia- conteins sensory neurons
Anterior root- carries motor info
Posterior ramus (smaller)- carries sensory & motor info
Anterior ramus- (thicker)- carries sensory & motor info
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17. PLEXUSES
CERVICAL
BRACHIAL
LUMBAR
SACRAL
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18. Peripheral Nerves and Plexuses
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19. CERVICAL PLEXUS Serves or innervates neck & shoulder
Phrenic nerve- it extends below the shoulder to the
diaphragm.
It causes the diaphragm to contract
important for breathing
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21. Brachial plexus- serves or innervates upper limb and shoulder
Axillary n- serves deltoid & teres minor
And skin of the shoulder
(From anterior to posterior)-
Radial nerve- serves posterior upper limb
Musculocutaneous n-serves anterior arm,
biceps brachii & brachialis
Median n- serves anterior forearm
Ulnar n- serves anterior hand
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22. Spinal Nerves and Plexuses
The Brachial Plexus of the Ventral Rami
Major nerves of brachial plexus
Musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord)
Median nerve (lateral and medial cords)
Ulnar nerve (medial cord)
Axillary nerve (posterior cord)
Radial nerve (posterior cord)

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25. LUMBAR PLEXUS
It serves or innervates skin & some muscles of anterior abdomen, buttocks, genitalia, anterior lateral & posteromedial thigh & medial surface of leg and foot
Femoral nerve: anterior muscles of the thigh, flexors & adductors of the hip, skin of the thigh(antero medial surface) & skin over the medial surface of leg and foot
RECTUS FEMORIS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
VASTUS LATERALIS
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
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26. LUMBAR PLEXUS & SACRAL PLEXUS
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27. SACRAL PLEXUS It serves or innervates: buttock (gluteus) &
posterior lower limb, anterior leg & foot
lateral leg, some muscles of genitalia
including external anal and urethral sphincters
Sciatic n (thiker)- serves posterior thigh
Common peroneal n (goes anteriorly)- serves anterior leg & foot
Tibial n (goes posteriorly)- serves posterior leg and foot
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31. Components of a Reflex Arch
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32. The Patellar Reflex
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33. REMEMBER! GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS. ROOM 3326.
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