IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 21.

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Presentation transcript:

IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 21

COMPONENTS

INNATE IMMUNITY

Innate Defenses Surface Barriers Skin Mucous membranes

Innate Defenses Chemical Barriers Mucus Lysozymes High acidity Sebum Saliva Lacrimal fluid High acidity Gastric juices Urine Vaginal secretions Sebum

Innate Defenses Cellular Defenses Phagocytic cells Macrophages or Monocytes Free (alveolar) Fixed (Kupffer) Neutrophils Dendritic cells

Phagocytic Mobilization Alarm call Vasodilation Increased permeability Leukocytosis Margination Diapedesis Chemotaxis

Phagocytic Mechanism Adherence Ingestion Digestion Resolution Phagosome Digestion Lysosome Phagolysosome Resolution

Innate Defenses Cellular Defenses Phagocytes Inflammatory Cells Mast Cells Basophils Eosinophils? Natural Killer Cells

Chemical Defenses

Inflammatory Response

Anti-microbial Agents Interferons

Anti-microbial Agents Interferons Complement Pyrogens

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Adaptive Immunity Specific Systemic Memory

Adaptive Defenses Antigens = “self” versus “non-self” Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) MHC I MHC II

Adaptive Defenses

Adaptive Defenses

Antibody-Mediated Immunity Also known as “humoral immunity” Involves B lymphocytes DIRECTLY recognizes antigen B lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion

Clonal Expansion of B Cells

Primary and Secondary Humoral Responses

Antibody Structure

Antibody Types

Antibody Types

Antibody Function

Active and Passive Humoral Immunity

Cell-Mediated Immunity Involves T lymphocytes Cannot recognize antigen directly Antigen must be presented by APC T lymphocytes are more diverse: Helper T cells Cytotoxic T cells Suppressor T cells Memory T cells

T-Cell Education

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Stimulation of TC cells

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Stimulation of TH cells

Co-Stimulation

Function of TC cells

Function of TC cells

Clonal Expansion of T Cells

Summary of Components of Adaptive Immunity

Summary of Components of Adaptive Immunity

Homeostatic Imbalances Organ transplant and tissue rejection Autograft Isograft Allograft Xenograft Immunodeficiency Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Homeostatic Imbalances Autoimmune diseases Multiple sclerosis Grave’s disease Type I diabetes Systemic lupus Myasthenia gravis Glomerulonephritis Rheumatoid arthritis

Homeostatic Imbalances Hypersensitivities Immediate (Type I) Subacute Cytotoxic (Types II) Immune-complex (Type III) Delayed (Type IV)

END CHAPTER 21

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