Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

Essential Events to Know Democracy moves west The Common Man rises Trail of Tears The nation expands, and ‘splits’ Texas is ‘born’ Sectional differences threaten the Union Slavery, Nullification, and Secession Industrialization, Urbanization, Transportation, Communication, and Immigration lead to Revolution A two-party system is restored

Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

Voter Turnout:

Why Increased Democratization? White male suffrage increased White male suffrage increased Party nominating committees. Party nominating committees. Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. Spoils system. Spoils system. Rise of Third Parties. Rise of Third Parties. Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:  Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)  Democrats (1828)

Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

The Duelist Jackson duels, and kills Charles Dickinson – 1806.

New Orleans

General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

1828 Election Results

The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

The New “Jackson Coalition” The Planter Elite in the South The Planter Elite in the South People on the Frontier People on the Frontier State Politicians – spoils system State Politicians – spoils system Immigrants in the cities. Immigrants in the cities.

Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements. Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

The Reign of “King Mob”

Andrew Jackson as President

1832 Tariff Conflict > “Tariff of Abominations” > “Tariff of Abominations” > new tariff > new tariff South Carolina’s reaction South Carolina’s reaction Jackson’s response Jackson’s response Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff

Indian Removal Jackson’s Goal? Jackson’s Goal? 1830  Indian Removal Act 1830  Indian Removal Act Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation” Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation” Worcester v. GA (1832) Worcester v. GA (1832) Jackson (maybe): John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it! Jackson (maybe): John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears ( )

Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. supported rapid economic growth & speculation. supported rapid economic growth & speculation. felt that coin was the only safe currency. felt that coin was the only safe currency. didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. suspicious of expansion & speculation. suspicious of expansion & speculation.

The “Monster” Is Destroyed! “pet banks”? “pet banks”? 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States  the charter expired  the charter expired  the bank went bankrupt! 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew”? An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew”?

1832 Election Results Main Issue?

The Specie Circular (1836) “wildcat banks.” “wildcat banks.” buy future federal land only with gold or silver. buy future federal land only with gold or silver. Jackson’s goal? Jackson’s goal?

Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes lose their value. $Land sales plummet. $Credit not available. $Businesses begin to fail. $Unemployment rises. The Panic of 1837!

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

Andrew Jackson in Retirement

Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)