1. “Common Man” OR
King Andrew

2. Democracy in the 19th century
Voting requirements 1800 and 1830

3. Voter Turnout

4. What increased democracy?
Panic of 1819
White male suffrage increased
Party nominating committees
Voters chose their state’s Presidential electors
Spoils system
The Missouri Compromise
Rise of Third parties
Modern campaigning (parades, rallies, buttons, floats etc.)
Return of 2 party system in 1832 election
Dem-Reps 
Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs(1832) 
Republicans (1854)
Democrats (1828)

7. Election of 1824 - the “Corrupt Bargain”
Henry Clay KY
John Q. Adams MA
John C. Calhoun SC
William H. Crawford GA

8. Corrupt bargain?

9. What followed was the election of 1828
John Q. Adams Presidency
not very notable for any achievements
The Tariff of 1828 only notable event
John C. Calhoun called it “Tariff of Abomination” and secretly wrote the South Carolina Exposition (very important!)
What followed was the election of 1828

10. During the election of 1828, Jackson’s wife, Rachel died. Why?

11. Revolution of 1828?
*Personified the new West
*Suspicious of federal gov't as bastion of privilege remote from popular scrutiny
*Like Jefferson, sought to reduce role of the federal gov’t in favor of states’ rights
*Hated Clay’s "American System“
*Fierce unionist and nationalist (to the dismay of the South); federal supremacy over states.
*At times defied will of Congress and the Supreme Court
*Employed the veto 12 times; six predecessors combined only vetoed 10 times!
*Opponents condemned him as "King Andrew I"

13. Reign of “King Mob”

14. Major issues during Jackson’s first term:
Spoils system
Kitchen Cabinet
Webster-Hayne Debate
Jefferson-Day Toast
Peggy Eaton Affair
Tariff of 1832 and Nullification Crisis

15. Spoils System and “Rotation in Office”

16. “Kitchen Cabinet”

17. Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)
"When my eyes shall be turned to behold, for the last time, the sun in heaven, may I not see him shining on the broken and dishonored fragments of a once glorious Union... Let their last feeble and lingering glance, rather, behold the gorgeous ensign of the republic... blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land... Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable."

18. Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.
Jefferson Day Toast (1830)
Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.
The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

19. Peggy Eaton Affair

20. 1832 Tariff Issue
> “Tariff of Abomination”
> new tariff
South Carolina’s reaction?
Jackson’s response?
Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff? (Tariff of 1833)

21. 1832 Election Jackson “Coalition” The Planter Elite in the South
People on the Frontier
State Politicians – spoils system
Immigrants in the cities.

22. Jackson and Faith in “Common Man”
Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.
His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.”
Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

23. "The Bank... is trying to kill me, but I will kill it."
Major Issue of 1832…
"The Bank... is trying to kill me, but I will kill it."

24. Major Issues during Jackson’s 2nd term:
Destruction of BUS
Removal of Indians
Maysville Road Veto
Birth Of Texas

25. Destruction of BUS or Biddle’s Bank
Jackson v. Biddle

26. “Soft” (paper) $
“Hard” (specie) $
state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely.
supported rapid economic growth & speculation.
felt that coin was the only safe currency.
didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes.
suspicious of expansion & speculation.

27. Destruction of the Monster
“pet banks”?
1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.
1836  the charter expired.
1841  the bank went bankrupt!

29. RESULT OF SPECIE CIRCULAR:
The Specie Circular (1836)
“wildcat banks.”
buy future federal land only with gold or silver.
Jackson’s goal?
RESULT OF SPECIE CIRCULAR:
Banknotes loose their value.
Land sales plummeted.
Credit not available.
Businesses began to fail.
Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!

31. Indian Removal Jackson’s Goal? 1830  Indian Removal Act
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”
Worcester v. GA (1832)
Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

34. Trail of Tears

35. Birth of Texas

36. What happened?
*Mexico tells Americans (Texans) to stop emigrating into Texas (WHY?)
*Americans don’s listen
*Santa Anna raises and army to suppress Texans
*Texas declares independence in 1836 under the leadership of Sam Houston
*Mexican forces defeat Texans at Alamo and Goliad
BUT….

37. Remember the Alamo!
Remember Goliad

39. Texas becomes a touchy issue…What does Jackson do?
At the Battle of San Jacinto, Sam Houston defeats Santa Anna and forces him to give up Texas.
Texas becomes a touchy issue…What does Jackson do?

40. Jackson’s Legacy
Positive Contributions
Demonstrated value of strong executive leadership in 1832 tariff controversy
Became the champion of the common people in politics
United followers into powerful and long-lived Democratic Party (& engendered the two-party system with the Whigs as opposition)
Liabilities
Encouragement of the spoils system
Killing the BUS resulted in thousands of bank failures until the 20th century
Specie circular hurt western farmers + Panic of 1837
Flouted authority of the Supreme Court vis-à-vis
Cherokee Trail of Tears.
Cabinet crisis and break with Calhoun resulted in increased sectionalism.