Red List Assessment of CWRs in Spain. Implications for genetic reserve conservation. José M. Iriondo and Lori J. De Hond Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Contents Identification of different scenarios in CWRs Identification of different scenarios in CWRs Assessment of case studies Assessment of case studies Implications for genetic reserve conservation Implications for genetic reserve conservation

Identification of scenarios Narrow distribution with few small populations Narrow distribution with few small populations Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens Vicia bifoliolata Vicia bifoliolata Erodium paularense Erodium paularense Antirrhinum microphyllum Antirrhinum microphyllum Continental distribution with declining scattered small populations: Continental distribution with declining scattered small populations: Cypripedium calceolus Cypripedium calceolus

Identification of scenarios Regional distribution with many populations: Regional distribution with many populations: Lupinus albus Lupinus albus Lupinus angustifolius Lupinus angustifolius Lupinus consentinii Lupinus consentinii Lupinus hispanicus Lupinus hispanicus Lupinus luteus Lupinus luteus Lupinus micranthus Lupinus micranthus

Narrow distribution with few small populations Vicia bifoliolata Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens Erodium paularense Antirrhinum microphyllum

Narrow distribution with few small populations Included in Berne Convention and EU Species and Habitats Directive. Included in Berne Convention and EU Species and Habitats Directive. Included in the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. Included in the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. Included in the Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Plants of Spain (2003). Included in the Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Plants of Spain (2003).

Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens Critically Endangered (CR) Critically Endangered (CR) B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii) B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii) B1. Extent of occurrence < 100 km 2 ; B1. Extent of occurrence < 100 km 2 ; B2. Area of occupancy < 10 km2 B2. Area of occupancy < 10 km2 a) severely fragmented; a) severely fragmented; b(iii,v) continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat and number of mature indiv. b(iii,v) continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat and number of mature indiv. C2. Population size < 250 mature individuals and continuing decline in no. of mature individuals C2. Population size < 250 mature individuals and continuing decline in no. of mature individuals a (ii) population structure with at least 90% mature individuals in one subpopulation. a (ii) population structure with at least 90% mature individuals in one subpopulation.

Vicia bifoliolata Critically Endangered (CR) Critically Endangered (CR) B1ac(iv): B1ac(iv): B1. Extent of occurrence < 100 km 2 ; B1. Extent of occurrence < 100 km 2 ; a) severely fragmented; a) severely fragmented; c(iv) extreme fluctuation in the no. of mature indiv. c(iv) extreme fluctuation in the no. of mature indiv. B2ac(iv): B2ac(iv): B2. Area of occupancy < 10 km2 B2. Area of occupancy < 10 km2 a) severely fragmented a) severely fragmented c(iv) extreme fluctuation in the no. of mature indiv. c(iv) extreme fluctuation in the no. of mature indiv.

Narrow distribution with few small populations Erodium paularense: (EN) B2ab(v) Erodium paularense: (EN) B2ab(v) Antirrhinum microphyllum: (VU) D2 Antirrhinum microphyllum: (VU) D2

Narrow distribution with few small populations Conservation actions: Conservation actions: Species recovery plans Species recovery plans Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens (D) Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens (D) Vicia bifoliolata (D) Vicia bifoliolata (D) Erodium paularense (D, L, I) Erodium paularense (D, L, I) Antirrhinum microphyllum (D, L) Antirrhinum microphyllum (D, L)

Narrow distribution with few small populations Conservation actions: Conservation actions: “Genetic reserves”: “Genetic reserves”: Vicia bifoliolata: “s’Albufera a la Mola” Natural Area of Special Interest. Vicia bifoliolata: “s’Albufera a la Mola” Natural Area of Special Interest. Erodium paularense: “La Miñosa” microreserve Erodium paularense: “La Miñosa” microreserve Demographic monitoring: Demographic monitoring: Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens Erodium paularense Erodium paularense Genetic diversity assessments: Genetic diversity assessments: Erodium paularense Erodium paularense Antirrhinum microphyllum Antirrhinum microphyllum

Continental distribution with declining scattered small populations Cypripedium calceolus Cypripedium calceolus

Continental distribution with declining scattered small populations Included in Berne Convention and EU Species and Habitats Directive. Included in Berne Convention and EU Species and Habitats Directive. Included in the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. Included in the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. Included in the Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Plants of Spain (2003). Included in the Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Plants of Spain (2003).

Cypripedium calceolus Global: Vulnerable (VU) Global: Vulnerable (VU) A: Reduction in population size A: Reduction in population size Spain: Endangered (EN) Spain: Endangered (EN) C1 C1 C: Population size estimated to number fewer than 2500 mature individuals C: Population size estimated to number fewer than 2500 mature individuals 1: An estimated continuing decline of at least 20% within five years or two generations, whichever is longer. 1: An estimated continuing decline of at least 20% within five years or two generations, whichever is longer.

Continental distribution with declining scattered small populations Cypripedium calceolus: Conservation actions: Cypripedium calceolus: Conservation actions: Species recovery plan (D, L, I) Species recovery plan (D, L, I) “Genetic reserves”: “Genetic reserves”: Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park Sites of Community Interest Sites of Community Interest Demographic monitoring: Yes Demographic monitoring: Yes Genetic diversity assessment: Yes Genetic diversity assessment: Yes

Cypripedium calceolus

L. albus L. consentinii L. angustifolius L. hispanicus L. luteus L. micranthus Records Regional distribution with many populations

Not included in Berne Convention and EU Species and Habitats Directive. Not included in Berne Convention and EU Species and Habitats Directive. Not included in the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. Not included in the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. Not included in the Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Plants of Spain (2003), nor in the Red List of Spanish Vascular Flora (2000). Not included in the Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Plants of Spain (2003), nor in the Red List of Spanish Vascular Flora (2000). Regional distribution with many populations

Lupinus albus: Least Concern (LC) Lupinus albus: Least Concern (LC) Lupinus angustifolius: Least Concern (LC) Lupinus angustifolius: Least Concern (LC) Lupinus consentinii: Near Threatened (NT) Lupinus consentinii: Near Threatened (NT) Lupinus hispanicus: Least Concern (LC) Lupinus hispanicus: Least Concern (LC) Lupinus luteus: Least Concern (LC) Lupinus luteus: Least Concern (LC) Lupinus micranthus: Least Concern (LC) Lupinus micranthus: Least Concern (LC) Regional distribution with many populations

Conservation actions: Conservation actions: Species recovery plans: none Species recovery plans: none Genetic reserves: none Genetic reserves: none Demographic monitoring: none Demographic monitoring: none Genetic diversity assessment: some Genetic diversity assessment: some Regional distribution with many populations

L. albus L. angustifolius L. consentinii L. hispanicus L. luteus L. micranthus

Implications in genetic reserve conservation Narrow distribution with few small populations Narrow distribution with few small populations Most endangered Most endangered Being studied and actively conserved by environmental protection agencies: Being studied and actively conserved by environmental protection agencies: included in Red Lists and legislation of protected species included in Red Lists and legislation of protected species development of species recovery plans development of species recovery plans designation of “genetic reserves” designation of “genetic reserves” They are prioritary but attention and care is already being paid to them. They are prioritary but attention and care is already being paid to them. Action: Better to get in contact with environmental protection agencies Action: Better to get in contact with environmental protection agencies

Implications in genetic reserve conservation Continental distribution few scattered small populations Continental distribution few scattered small populations Various degrees of threat under IUCN criteria at national level Various degrees of threat under IUCN criteria at national level Various degrees of interest from environmental protection agencies Various degrees of interest from environmental protection agencies The establishment of a network of genetic reserves requires international coordination that trascends single or neighbouring countries (greater difficulties) The establishment of a network of genetic reserves requires international coordination that trascends single or neighbouring countries (greater difficulties)

Implications in genetic reserve conservation Regional distribution many populations Regional distribution many populations Non-threatened under IUCN criteria Non-threatened under IUCN criteria Forgotten or neglected by environmental protection agencies Forgotten or neglected by environmental protection agencies Nevertheless subject to important decline and genetic erosion Nevertheless subject to important decline and genetic erosion Most amenable to be integrated in a network of genetic reserves in protected areas. Most amenable to be integrated in a network of genetic reserves in protected areas. Prioritary action is needed. Prioritary action is needed.