Rocks

Topic: Igneous Rocks Objectives: Day 1 of 4 l I will know how to define a rock l I will know the 3 basic types of rocks l I will know how the rock change from one type to another using the rock cycle l I will know how to identify Igneous Rocks based on their physical characteristics l &v=FnoHDRPJjkw&NR=1 &v=FnoHDRPJjkw&NR=1 Unit: Rocks

Quickwrite Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences: l How do you think magma (hot liquid rock becomes solid hard rock?????? l Can rocks change into other types of rocks?? l What do you think rocks are made of????

Here is Granite Granite is a Mixture of Different minerals It made up of the minerals Quartz, Hornblende, & Feldspar

What is a Rock? A rock is a _______of one or more minerals A rock is a _______of one or more minerals Answer Bank Change Sedimentary Mixture cooling mixture

Rock Classification l All rocks fit into 3 categories l Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic

Rock Cycle l We just learned about the 3 types of rocks, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic l As it turns out, Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. l Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.

Rock Cycle Cooling and Hardening of Magma IgneousRock Weathering And Erosion Sediments SedimentaryRock Compaction And Cementation Heat and Pressure Melting MetamorphicRock Magma Melting Heat and Pressure Weathering And Erosion

Rock Cycle? What is the Rock Cycle? l The process by which over many years rocks ______ back and forth between igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks Answer Bank Change Sedimentary Mixture cooling change

Igneous Rocks l Igneous rocks, are rocks that were once lava or magma and simply cooled into solid rock! l So, when volcanoes erupt, new igneous rocks are formed! l Or, when magma cools slowly underground, new rock is also formed!

Igneous Rock Formation Most Igneous rocks Form below the Surface Some Igneous rocks Make it all the way to the surface

What are Igneous Rocks? l Rocks formed from the ______ and hardening of magma (hot molten liquid rock) Answer Bank Change Sedimentary Mixture cooling cooling

Igneous Rock Classification l Igneous rocks are classified by their color and crystal size l Igneous Rocks that form below ground are called intrusive (inside or interior) igneous Rocks l Igneous rocks that form above the ground are called extrusive igneous rocks l Finally, dark colored igneous rocks are called Mafic and lighter colored igneous rocks are called felsic

Extrusive Igneous Rock: Outside the earth Fast Cooling Small Crystals Ex: Basalt Intrusive Igneous Rock: Inside the earth Slow Cooling Large Crystals Ex: Granite

What’s the difference between Intrusive & Extrusive Igneous Rocks? l Intrusive Rocks cooled slowly beneath or below the earth’s surface resulting in _____ crystalsEx: Granite & Gabbro l Intrusive Rocks cooled slowly beneath or below the earth’s surface resulting in _____ crystals Ex: Granite & Gabbro l Extrusive Igneous Rocks cooled ______ above the earth’s surface resulting in small crystals Ex: Rhyolite & Basalt Ex: Rhyolite & Basalt GraniteGabbro RhyoliteBasalt Answer Bank large above Mixture Slowly quickly quickly large

Felsic & Mafic Igneous rocks l Felsic Igneous rocks are light in color & high in silica Ex. Granite & Rhyolite l Mafic Igneous rocks are dark in color & low in silica Ex: Gabbro and Basalt GraniteRhyolite Gabbro Basalt

What’s the difference between Felsic & Mafic Igneous rocks? l Felsic Igneous rocks are light in color & high in silica Ex. Granite & Rhyolite l Mafic Igneous rocks are ____ in color & low in silica Ex: Gabbro and Basalt Granite Gabbro Basalt Answer Bank dark above Mixture Slowly light Rhyolite dark

Draw Table: Felsic- Light in color, high in silica Mafic- Dark in color, low in silica Intrusive (slow cooling, large crystals) GraniteGabbro Extrusive (fast cooling, small crystals) RhyoliteBasaltSummary l Igneous rocks formed from the _____ and ______of magma l _____Igneous are dark and _____ igneous rocks are lighter in color l _____ igneous rocks cooled slowly and have large crystals l _____ igneous cooled quickly forming small crystals Answer Bank Mafic intrusive cooling extrusive hardening felsic

Topic: Clastic Sedimentary Rock l Objectives: l Objectives: Day 2 of 4 l I will learn about weathering, erosion and deposition and how it affects rocks l I will learn about clastic sedimentary rocks and the conditions under which they formed l Tng Tng l Gik Gik Unit: Rocks

Quickwrite Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences: l What are some types of sediment you’re familiar with??? l How do you think sediment forms?? l How do you think sediment moves?

Weathering Erosion Deposition & Stratification l In order for us to learn about sedimentary rocks, we need to first learn about weathering, erosion deposition and stratification l Weathering is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by the action of water and wind l Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water and wind l Deposition is the dropping and accumulation of rock into layers l Stratification is the layering of sediment Weathering is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by of water, wind and gravity Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water, wind and gravity Deposition is the dropping and accumulation of rock Stratification is the layering of sediment

Erosion: Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water, wind and gravity Deposition: The dropping and accumulation Of sediment over time Stratification: The layering of sediment

What is Weathering, Erosion, Deposition & Stratification? l Weathering – breaking down of rock l Erosion – wearing down and _____ of rock by water, wind, gravity l Deposition - The dropping and accumulation of _____ in low places such as a lake, or ocean bottom l Stratification - The layering of sediment Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered compaction

Sediments  Small weathered and eroded broken down pieces of rock and organic material  Classified by their size  Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and shells

Pebble Sand Silt Clay Invisible at this scale Sediments are classified by their sizes

Sediment, It’s Everywhere! Even on the Moon? Sand or Silt? Neither, it’s called Regolith!!!!!

What are Sediments?  Small weathered and eroded broken down pieces of rock and _____ material  Classified by their size  Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and shells Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered compaction

Sedimentary Rocks (clastic) l Now that we have broken down rock into sediment, we can make sedimentary rock l Clastic Sedimentary Rock forms through deposition, stratification (layering) and lithification process l Lithification literally means “To make Rock” l The lithification involves compacting and cementing sediment Sand Sandstone

conglomeratesandstonesiltstoneshale claysiltsandgravel sediments sedimentary rocks

What are Clastic Sedimentary Rocks?  Rock created through the deposition, stratification (layering), and ______of sediment  Ex: Silt stone, sandstone, conglomerate Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered Compaction lithification SandstoneSiltstone Shale Conglomerate

Lithification l How does sediment become sedimentary rock???? Lithification!!!! l The answer is Lithification!!!! l Lithification is the process that involves compaction and cementation of sediment l Compaction l Compaction occurs when layers of sediment compress the rock below it l Cementation l Cementation is when sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between them Compaction Cementation

Compaction

What is Lithification? What is Lithification? l Process by which sediment becomes sedimentary rock by compaction and cementation l Compaction l Compaction occurs when layers of sediment ____the rock below it l Cementation is when sediments are glued together by minerals ____ between them Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered compaction Cementation Compaction Cementation

Summarize: l Please draw the diagram below and fill in the missing terms: –Deposition –Compaction & Cementation –Erosion –Weathering 1. ______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______&_______ Weathering Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation

Metamorphic Rocks Topic: Metamorphic Rocks Objectives: Day 3 of 4  I will be able to compare and contrast organic and chemical sedimentary rocks  I will know how metamorphic rocks form  I will know how foliation forms in metamorphic rocks as a result of pressure and temperature Unit: Rocks

Quickwrite Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences: l What would be left behind if you let a glass of salty water evaporate in the hot sun??? l If you add heat to a raw egg what happens to it????? l What would happen to your hand if you kept stacking textbooks on top of it???? l What are some rocks you may have seen in a cave???

Organic Sedimentary Rocks l Organic Sedimentary Rocks are Rocks that have formed from once living creatures or Organisms –Ex: Coal, a carbon rich rock that formed from the buried and compacted remains of dead plants –Ex: Limestone formed by compacted and cemented shells and coral Coal Limestone

Coal Formation l Coal formed from the buried and compacted remains of plants over millions of years Coal

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks l Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when minerals precipitate or solidify out of water –Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving behind the salt Gypsum

Salty Lake Gypsum Formation (chemical sedimentary rock) lGlGypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving behind the a precipitate solid rock

Calcium Mineral Calcium Mineral Calcium Mineral Calcium Mineral Calcium Mineral Calcium Mineral Stalactite Formation l Stalactites form in caves as dissolved minerals in water precipitate and solidify into rock l Over time, Stalactites grow

What’s the difference between Organic and Chemical Sedimentary rocks? Answer Bank Align Precipitate Living Pressure Solidify shells Gypsum l Organic Sedimentary Rocks form from once _____ creatures or Organisms –Ex: Coal, carbon rich rock formed from buried & compacted remains of dead plants –Ex: Limestone formed by compacted and cemented shells and coral l Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when minerals ________or solidify out of water –Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving behind the salt Coal Limestone living precipitate

Metamorphic Rocks l Igneous rocks are born of fire l Sedimentary rocks are formed by weathering and erosion l But how do Metamorphic Rocks Form? l The last type of rock we will study is called metamorphic rock

Metamorphic Rocks l The word “Metamorphic” or “Morph” means to change l So, how do rocks change? HeatPressure l By Heat and Pressure l In order to understand Metamorphic Rocks, we need to understand how heat and pressure can change a pre-existing rock Marble Limestone

Metamorphic Rocks l When rocks are subjected to extreme temperatures & pressures, their chemistry changes and they become a new rock Metamorphic Rock

What are Metamorphic Rocks ? l Rocks that have ______ due to a temperature or _____ increase l Ex: marble, slate, Quartzite, & Gneiss Answer Bank Align Living Pressure Solidify changed Metamorphic Rock changed pressure

l Pictured here is Granite l What happens if we apply heat and pressure to granite?? l Applying pressure will cause the minerals to flatten and become aligned Foliation Pressure and Heat GraniteGneiss

Foliation l Metamorphic rocks are classified as either Foliated (having foliation) and Non-Foliated (no foliation) l Foliated Metamorphic Rocks include Slate and Gneiss l Non-foliated Rocks include Marble and Quartzite Marble Gneiss Quartzite Slate

What is Foliation? Answer Bank Align Living Pressure Solidify Pressure and Heat l When mineral grains flatten and ____ themselves as a result of pressure l Foliated Rock = Slate & Gniess Slate & Gniess l Non-Foliated Rock = Marble & Quartzite Marble & Quartzite align

Protolith l Before they were Metamorphic Rocks, they were either igneous or sedimentary l For example, Limestone below is a Sedimentary Rock l If we add Heat and Pressure, it will change into marble l A protolith is the original rock from which a metamorphic rock formed l The table below summarize some common protoliths Marble Limestone

What is a Protolith? l The ______ rock from which a metamorphic rock formed l Draw table below: Answer Bank Align original Living Pressure Solidify original

1.__________ l Please draw the diagram below and fill in the missing terms: –Intrusive Igneous Rock –Extrusive igneous rock –Sedimentary rock –Metamorphic Rock Heat & Pressure Heat & Pressure 2.__________ 3.________ 4.________ Summarize: Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Intrusive Igneous Rock Extrusive Igneous Rock

Rock Identification Topic: Rock Identification Objectives: Day 4 of 4  I will be able to identify rocks based on their physical properties  I will be able to review the rock cycle and know how it works Unit: Rocks

Quickwrite Answer one the questions below in 1-2 sentences: l If you were blindfolded, how would you be able to tell the difference between a piece of sand paper and a piece of glass???

Rock Physical Properties l Rocks are classified by how they form l But how do we tell them apart?? l Just like minerals, rocks have physical properties that we use to tell them apart

Rock Physical Properties: l Igneous rocks have different textures for, a rock like granite with large crystals has a course grained texture l Some rocks like rhyolite with small crystals have a fine grained texture l Some rocks cooled so quickly, they have a glassy texture like obsidian Igneous Rocks Rhyolite Granite Obsidian

Rock Physical Properties: l Some rocks like Basalt or Scoria have holes in them that formed from gases escaping from as the lava cooled l We call these holes vesicles Igneous Rocks Scoria Basalt

Rock Physical Properties: Sedimentary Rocks l Sedimentary Rocks are identified by sediment size l Another clue to it’s identity is texture, sandstone feels gritty, siltstone is smooth

Rock Physical Properties: Sedimentary Rocks l Sedimentary Rocks are also identified by having layers or fossils

Rock Physical Properties: Metamorphic Rocks l Metamorphic rocks are identified by either having foliation or lacking in foliation

How do we identify igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks? l By their physical ______ IgneousSedimentaryMetamorphic small crystals create a fine-grained texture large crystals create a coarse grained texture obsidian has a glassy texture gas holes or vesicles By their texture, sandstone feels gritty siltstone feels smooth look for layers or fossils look for foliation or no-foliation Answer Bank Properties Heat & Pressure(2) Compaction & Cementation Cooling & Hardening Erosion & Weathering

Rock Cycle Review Cooling and Hardening of Magma IgneousRock Weathering And Erosion Sediments SedimentaryRock Compaction And Cementation Heat and Pressure Melting MetamorphicRock Magma Melting Heat and Pressure Weathering And Erosion

Rock Cycle Use the rock cycle to help fill in the blanks Magma or Sediment Start Here PhysicalProcess: Rock RockType:PhysicalProcess: Type: Type: Silt  compaction & cementation  Siltstone  heat and pressure  Slate Sand  compaction & cementation  Sandstone  1)  Quartzite Basalt  2)  sand  Compaction & cementation  Sandstone Magma  3)  Granite  4)  Gneiss Broken pieces  Shells & Coral 5)  Limestone  Heat & Pressure  Marble Answer c cooling & hardening Heat & Pressure (2) Bank erosion & weathering Compaction & cementation

Time to play: Clue: I have a gritty texture, and as you can see, I am also made up of layers!!!! 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian????

Time to play: Clue: I have been exposed to heat and pressure, as result I have squished mineral grains or foliation!!!! 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian??

Time to play: Clue: I formed from lava above the surface, and as result I have small crystal grains and a fine grained texture, I also have gas holes or vesicles……. 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian??

Time to play: Clue: I formed from lava above the surface, I cooled so quiockly that I became volcanic glass and as result I have a smooth glassy texture……. 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian??

Time to play: Clue: I have a fossil fern, I am made from the compaction and cementation of sediment, unlike sandstone, I have a smooth texture ……. 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian??

Time to play: Clue: I cooled from magma slowly underground, therfore I made up of large crystals giving me a course grained texture….. 1. Am I Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic???? 2. Am I granite, sandstone, Gneiss, siltstone, basalt, or obsidian??

Summarize: Summarize: Draw and Complete the Rock Cycle: Answer Bank Sedimentary Metamorphic Weathering & Erosion (2) Igneous Heat & Pressure ????