2. Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

3. Objectives: Explain how rocks form. Distinguish between the three main types of rocks. Identify rock samples based on physical characteristics.

4. Igneous Rocks

6. Terms: Types of Igneous Rocks Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma beneath the Earth’s surface. Extrusive igneous rocks form from lava on the Earth’s surface. magma - beneath the surface

7. Igneous Rock lava magma magma pool

8. Igneous – From Fire Extrusive lava volcano or fissure glassy holes from gas basaltic – dark color high % -iron -magnesium -calcium Intrusive magma beneath surface large crystals no holes granitic - light color high % -silica

9. Intrusive igneous rocks have large crystals that are easy to see. Extrusive igneous rocks do not have large crystals that you can see easily. intrusive igneous rock extrusive igneous rock

10. Granite intrusive igneous rock light gray, pink or white feels a little rough more than one mineral can be seen hard to scratch with a nail

11. Pumice extrusive igneous rock light tan or white full of tiny bubbles light weight often floats on water

12. Obsidian extrusive igneous rock looks like black glass red or white spots or streaks feels very smooth

13. Gabbro intrusive igneous rock dark gray to black feels a little rough more than one mineral can be seen hard to scratch with a nail

14. Rhyolite extrusive very fine grained pinkish-grey color sometimes has dark streaks

15. Basalt extrusive rock dark grey or black feels little rough different minerals can be seen hard to scratch with a nail

16. Which are intrusive and which are extrusive rocks? Basalt Rhyolite Gabbro GranitePumice Obsidian Extrusive intrusive Extrusive

17. Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: light colored floats in water has air bubbles Pumice Intrusive or extrusive extrusive

18. Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: dark colored not glassy more than one mineral is visible Gabbro Intrusive or extrusive extrusive

19. Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: light gray, pink or white feels a little rough more than one mineral can be seen graite Intrusive or extrusive intrusive

20. Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: dark grey or black feels a little rough air holes basalt Intrusive or extrusive extrusive

21. Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: looks like black glass red or white spots or streaks feels very smooth obsidian Intrusive or extrusive extrusive

22. Can you identify this igneous rock? Physical properties: fine grained pinkish-grey color sometimes has dark streaks rhyolite Intrusive or extrusive extrusive

23. Sedimentary Rocks

25. Sedimentary Rocks sedimentum means “to settle” rocks form from sediments that have been pressed together sediments come from: plant or animal remains minerals dissolved in water large rocks that have broken up

26. Sediment is normally deposited in horizontal layers parallel to the Earth’s surface

27. Three Types of Sedimentary Rocks Detrital sediment deposited by: wind ice water gravity Chemical minerals left behind: geysers hot springs salt water Organic fossils plants / animals coal limestone

28. Detrital Sedimentary Rocks - Identified by Grain Size clay sized – shale silt sized – siltstone sand sized – sandstone pebble sized- conglomerate Shale Sandstone Siltstone Conglomerate

29. siltstoneconglomerate sandstone shale

30. Conglomerate may be tan, red, or white full of pebbles of sand hard to scratch – breaks first

31. sandstone layers of slightly different colors may be red, brown, or gray granular appearance can scratch off grains of sand

32. Siltstone

33. shale may be red, brown, or gray feels smooth splits into almost flat layers smells like mud when wet easy to scratch

34. Chemical Sedimentary Rock

35. Mineral Rich Water Evaporates salt water geysers hot springs Examples: halite – rock salt gypsum - chalk

37. limestone may be black, gray or white may feel rough or smooth easy to scratch powder from scratch bubbles with vinegar

38. Organic Sedimentary Rock

39. Fossilerous Limestone and Coal  fossil – remains or trace of a once living plant or animal  coal – fossilized plant  limestone – fossilized ocean organisms  chalk = limestone  fossil – remains or trace of a once living plant or animal  coal – fossilized plant  limestone – fossilized ocean organisms  chalk = limestone

40. Fill in the name of a rock (s) that fits each of the properties. sandstone no pebbles conglomerate pebbles shale does not bubble limestone bubbles with acid conglomeratesandstone hard to scratch limestoneshale easy to scratch

41. Metamorphic Rock

42. heat limestone pressure marble

44. Metamorphic – change of form Great pressures and heat look different recrystallized chemically changed Any existing type of rock can morph igneous sedimentary metamorphic

45. granite detrital sedimentary chemical sedimentary gniess igneous sandstone quartzite limestone marble

46. Slate Metamorphic marble schist gniess

47. white, yellow or tan color mineral grains can be seen powder from scratch bubbles with acid easy to scratch with a nail nonfoliated Marble

48. gniess colors are usually black and white, black and red or black and brown minerals in ribbon like layers hard to scratch with a nail foliated

49. Schist black to silvery minerals in leaf- like layers soft and easy to scratch with a nail foliated

50. slate black, grey, red or green easy to scratch with a nail splits into thin, flat, smooth plates foliated

51. Classifying Metamorphic Rocks Texture differences Two main groups –Foliated visible layers or leaves bands of different colored minerals - Nonfoliated no distinctive bands or layers no pattern to any visible mineral grains

52. Foliated and Nonfoliated Rocks Marble (nonfoliated) Slate (foliated)

53. Identify the properties of the following metamorphic rocks Gneiss – Schist – Slate - Marble hard to scratcheasy to scratch minerals seenminerals not seen bubbles with vinegardoes not bubble foliated,nonfoliated gneissschist, slate, marble gneiss, schist, marble slate marble gneiss, schist, slate gneiss, slate, schistmarble

54. metamorphicsedimentary foliatednonfoliateddetrital chemical organic intrusiveextrusive Rocks igneous Three classes two kindsthree kindstwo kinds

56. The Rock Cycle “ a model in diagram form ” compaction cementation weathering erosion melting heat and pressure cooling

59. The word “igneous” means... A. from fire B. from water C. to be ignited

60. What is magma? A. molten rock on the earth’s surface B. molten rock below the earth’s surface C. volcanic ash

61. What is lava? A. an abrasive in soap B. molten rock above the earth’s surface C. molten rock below the earth’s surface

62. Igneous rock forms from …. A. lava B. magma C. either lava or magma

63. Obsidian, granite, pumice, and basalt are examples of ….. A. igneous rocks. B. sedimentary rocks. C. metamorphic rocks.

64. The nickname for this rock is “volcanic glass” A. pumice B. shale C. obsidian

65. This rock is has colored dots. A. pumice B. granite C. marble

66. This rock can float in water. A. pumice B. limestone C. sandstone

67. The Hawaiian Islands are made of this rock. A. obsidian B. basalt C. sandstone

68. Sedimentum means…. A. to settle B. solid rock C. move slowly

69. Sedimentary rocks form from... A. sediments pressed together. B. rocks cemented together. C. both A and B

70. Conglomerate, sandstone, and limestone are examples of …. A. sedimentary rocks. B. igneous rocks. C. metamorphic rocks.

71. A rock made from pebble sized rocks cemented together with mud. A. sandstone B. limestone C. conglomerate

72. This rock is made from mud and forms in layers. A. shale B. slate C. gneiss

73. This rock is made from granite. A. marble B. schist C. sandstone

74. These rocks are formed from existing rocks. A. igneous rocks B. sedimentary rocks C. metamorphic rocks

75. Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are placed under …. A. mud in a river bed. B. frozen ice. C. heat and pressure.

76. Metamorphic rocks form from... A. igneous rocks. B. sedimentary rocks. C. both A and B

77. This rock is formed from quartz, feldspar and mica. A. schist B. marble C. gneiss

78. This rock makes “chalk” marks A. sandstone B. limestone C. slate

79. Name this rock….. A. gniess B. granite C. marble

80. Name this rock….. A. obsidian B. basalt C. marble

81. Name this rock…… A. sandstone B. pumice C. conglomerate

82. A. shale B. basalt C. schist Name this rock …

83. A. sandstone B. pumice C. limestone

84. Name this rock….. A. obsidian B. granite C. marble

85. Name this rock….. A. obsidian B. granite C. slate

86. A. shale B. schist C. sandstone Name this rock …

87. A. sandstone B. slate C. obsidian

88. Name this rock….. A. schist B. granite C. gniess

89. End of Presentation

90. Resources and Citations Resources: Text : www.tx.science.glencoe.com Clip art: http:dgl.microsoft.com Sound: www.soundamerica.com Rock Pictures: www.rockhound.com Rocks and Minerals: The Hard Facts. Rainbow Educational Media. 1987. unitedstreaming. 28 January 2006