1. Warm up 1.Describe how a cake is made. 2.Describe how a sandwich is made. 3.Describe how ice cream is made. 4.What do cake, sandwiches, and ice cream have in common? 5.What are some differences between the ways these things are made?

2. Daily learning objective We will be able to explain the formation of the 3 types of rocks

4. Rocks 3.1 The Rock Cycle  Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as a part of our planet.  Types of Rocks The 3 kinds of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

5. The Rock Cycle - Interactions between Earth’s water, air, land, and living things can cause rocks to change from one type to another

6. The Rock Cycle

7. Summary video on rock cycle https://www.khanacademy.org/part ner-content/mit-k12/mit-k12- biology/v/rock-cycle

8. Igneous Rocks formed by the crystallization of molten magma or lava. Magma is molten material deep beneath the Earth’s surface Lava is molten material above the surface Igneous Rocks

9. Formation of Igneous Rocks 3.2 Igneous Rocks 1. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface. 2. Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when lava hardens (above the Earth’s surface).

10. Classification of Igneous Rocks 3.2 Igneous Rocks 1. Texture  Igneous rocks can be classified based on their composition and texture. Coarse-grained texture is caused by slow cooling resulting in larger crystals. Fine-grained texture is caused by rapid cooling resulting in smaller, interconnected mineral grains.

11. Course-Grained Igneous Texture Granite

12. Fine-Grained Igneous Texture Rhyolite

13. Classification of Igneous Rocks 3.2 Igneous Rocks 1. Texture (continued) Glassy texture is caused by very rapid cooling. 2. Composition What minerals the rock is made of, based on the proportions of light and dark minerals in the rock.

14. Obsidian Exhibits a Glassy Texture.

15. Porphyritic Igneous Texture

16. Basalt

17. Classification of Igneous Rocks

18. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks 3.3 Sedimentary Rocks Erosion involves the weathering and the removal of rock. Deposition occurs when an agent of erosion—water, wind, ice, or gravity—loses energy and drops sediments. Sedimentary Rocks

19. Sedimentary Rock Formation

20. 3.3 Sedimentary Rocks Compaction is a process that squeezes, or compacts, sediments. Cementation takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments.

21. 3 Types of Sedimentary Rock 1. Clastic – composed of weathered bits of rocks and minerals –Classified by particle size –Ex: Shale, Sandstone, Conglomerate, Grand canyon & the wave in Arizona

22. Shale with Plant Fossils

23. Sandstone

24. Conglomerate

25. The Wave, Page, AZ

26. Grand Canyon, Arizona

28. 3 Types of Sedimentary Rock 2. Chemical – When minerals dissolve out of water –Ex: limestone (caves), coal, rock salt

29. Fossiliferous Limestone

30. Carlsbad Caverns, NM Stalactites Stalagmites

31. 3 Types of Sedimentary Rock 3. Organic – Formed by fossils or organic matter within the rock layers

32. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

33. Formation of Metamorphic Rocks 3.4 Metamorphic Rocks  Metamorphism means “to change form.”  Igneous and sedimentary rocks change at elevated temperatures and pressures deep within the Earth or during mountain building Metamorphic Rocks

34. Agents of Metamorphism 3.4 Metamorphic Rocks  Heat  Pressure Provides the energy needed to drive chemical reactions Causes a more compact rock with greater density

35. Origin of Pressure in Metamorphism

36. Agents of Metamorphism 3.4 Metamorphic Rocks Hot water-based solutions escaping from magma Dissolves original minerals and then deposits new ones  Hydrothermal Solutions

37. Classification of Metamorphic Rocks 3.4 Metamorphic Rocks 1. Foliated Metamorphic Rock 2. Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock  Two main categories Has a banded or layered appearance Does not have a banded texture

38. Classification of Metamorphic Rocks

39. Gneiss Typically Displays a Banded Appearance

40. Marble — A Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock

41. WHAT TYPE OF ROCK?

42. This rock was formed by the compaction and cementation of sediment

43. This rock was formed by melting and cooling of magma.

44. This rock was formed by heat and pressure deep within the Earth.

47. This type of rock is found near volcanos.

48. This type of rock is found deep within the Earth.

49. This type of rock is much like our ice cream, it starts as a liquid and then cools into a solid.

50. This type of rock is much like our sandwich. It is made of many layers stacked on top of each other.

51. This type of rock is like our cake. It is baked but not melted.

52. This type of rock can be intrusive or extrusive.

53. This type of rock can be clastic or chemical.

54. Exit Ticket – please write the questions AND answers in complete sentences. 1.What are the three types of rock called? 2.How are each of the three types of rock created? 3.What are the two different types of igneous rock? 4.What types of sedimentary rock did we discuss, and how are they different from one another?