Agriculture Agriculture Sector Inventory Training Workshop, Agriculture Sector 7/72008 Khartoum Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources

Agriculture Agricultural activities contribute directly to emissions of greenhouse gases through a variety of different processes. The main Source Categories are: - Related to animal production: o Enteric fermentation o Manure Management - Related to cropping systems: o Rice Cultivation o Agricultural Soils o Prescribed Burning of Savannas o Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

Anaerobic decomposition of organic material in flooded rice fields produces methane (CH 4 ). The amount emitted is a function of: rice species, number and duration of harvests, soil type temperature, irrigation practices, and fertiliser use. Rice Cultivation

Methodology Only one method provided AD: harvested area by rice ecosystem and water management type, use of organic amendments Basic EF estimated for permanent flooding and no organic amendments Scaling of basic EF to account for crop practices, multiple cropping, ecosystem type, water regime, addition of organic amendments, soil type Rice Cultivation

Country specific data (national statistics) on rice production and harvested area Alternate options: – FAO website: World Rice Statistics (e.g. IRRI, 1995) Source of data

The burning of savannas areas results in the instantaneous emissions of Non-CO 2 trace gases N 2 O, CH 4, CO and NO x Prescribed Burning of Savannas

Methodology Non-CO 2 trace gas emissions from savannah burning may be estimated through a series of simple calculations using either locally available data or defaults provided by the guidelines. Steps of calculation: Estimation of total biomass that actually burns Estimation of proportion of living and dead biomass Estimation of total carbon released Estimation of non-CO 2 trace gas emission from savannah burning Conversion of emission of carbon and nitrogen into N 2 O, CH 4, CO and NO x Prescribed Burning of Savannas

Source of data: No routinely published data on the amount of savannah burned, but there are: several assessment papers. The FAO Forest Resource Assessment 1990: Tropical Countries (FAO 1993) provides country estimates of savanna (grassland) area and The Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reference Manual provides additional references. Country specific data Prescribed Burning of Savannas

On-site burning of crop residues results in the of Non-CO 2 gases (N 2 O, CH 4, CO and No x ) In order to avoid double counting it is important to produce a mass balance of the crop residues, defining and estimating the different final uses of the crop residues (fuel, feed, building materials etc.) Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

Methodology The method of calculation is similar to prescribed burning of savannas Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

Source of data: Annual crop production statistics by country for most of the crops from which residues are burned may be found in FAO Production Year Books. Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

covers N 2 O emissions only from Direct N 2 O emissions: use of fertilizers and manure, crop residues returned to soil, N-fixing crops, Cultivation of histosols Direct N 2 O emissions: 3 sources: (a)volatilization and deposition of N in fertilizers/manure; (b)leaching and run-off of applied fertilizers/manure; (c) discharge of human sewage into rivers or estuaries Agricultural Soils

Methodology N 2 O = N 2 O DIRECT + N 2 O INDIRECT Agricultural Soils

Source of data: All input data can be obtained from FAO databases Agricultural Soils

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