Understanding Inclusion in Music Classrooms Ryan M. Hourigan Ph. D. Ball State University Ryan M. Hourigan Ph. D. Ball State University

Definitions Mainstreaming (older term) Mainstreaming (older term) The inclusion of students with special needs into general education for a portion of the school day The inclusion of students with special needs into general education for a portion of the school day (Lewis & Doorlag, p. 424) Inclusion Inclusion “Meaningful participation of students with special needs in general education classrooms” “Meaningful participation of students with special needs in general education classrooms” (Lewis & Doorlag, p. 424) Mainstreaming (older term) Mainstreaming (older term) The inclusion of students with special needs into general education for a portion of the school day The inclusion of students with special needs into general education for a portion of the school day (Lewis & Doorlag, p. 424) Inclusion Inclusion “Meaningful participation of students with special needs in general education classrooms” “Meaningful participation of students with special needs in general education classrooms” (Lewis & Doorlag, p. 424)

Inclusion Philosophy Review (for 360 students): Review (for 360 students): What influenced the ideas behind inclusion? What influenced the ideas behind inclusion? Why should we work to “include” students? Why should we work to “include” students? Review (for 360 students): Review (for 360 students): What influenced the ideas behind inclusion? What influenced the ideas behind inclusion? Why should we work to “include” students? Why should we work to “include” students?

PL IDEA Six Basic Principles Six Basic Principles FAPE (Free and Appropriate Education) FAPE (Free and Appropriate Education) Nondiscriminatory evaluations Nondiscriminatory evaluations LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) IEP IEP Parents have rights Parents have rights Due Process Due Process Amended several times since (86,90,97,&04) Amended several times since (86,90,97,&04) Six Basic Principles Six Basic Principles FAPE (Free and Appropriate Education) FAPE (Free and Appropriate Education) Nondiscriminatory evaluations Nondiscriminatory evaluations LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) IEP IEP Parents have rights Parents have rights Due Process Due Process Amended several times since (86,90,97,&04) Amended several times since (86,90,97,&04)

A Team Approach You are not responsible for all aspects of the education of a child with special needs You are not responsible for all aspects of the education of a child with special needs Consult members of the team Consult members of the team 360 review: Who are the members? 360 review: Who are the members? You are not responsible for all aspects of the education of a child with special needs You are not responsible for all aspects of the education of a child with special needs Consult members of the team Consult members of the team 360 review: Who are the members? 360 review: Who are the members?

Three Areas of the Team Pre-referral Team Pre-referral Team Identifies possible problems Identifies possible problems Assessment Team Assessment Team Reviews a pre-referral and evaluates eligibility Reviews a pre-referral and evaluates eligibility IEP Team IEP Team Decides placement (LRE) Decides placement (LRE) Pre-referral Team Pre-referral Team Identifies possible problems Identifies possible problems Assessment Team Assessment Team Reviews a pre-referral and evaluates eligibility Reviews a pre-referral and evaluates eligibility IEP Team IEP Team Decides placement (LRE) Decides placement (LRE)

The Process IEP (Individual Education Plan) IEP (Individual Education Plan) The Document (see handout) The Document (see handout) The Meeting The Meeting If you have concerns, you are (by law) allowed to attend If you have concerns, you are (by law) allowed to attend Great place to meet the other professionals (therapists, psychologists, specialists) who you would normally not see Great place to meet the other professionals (therapists, psychologists, specialists) who you would normally not see IEP (Individual Education Plan) IEP (Individual Education Plan) The Document (see handout) The Document (see handout) The Meeting The Meeting If you have concerns, you are (by law) allowed to attend If you have concerns, you are (by law) allowed to attend Great place to meet the other professionals (therapists, psychologists, specialists) who you would normally not see Great place to meet the other professionals (therapists, psychologists, specialists) who you would normally not see

Classroom Behavior and Inclusion “How do I teach my class when I am spending all of my time with this one student?” “How do I teach my class when I am spending all of my time with this one student?”

Classroom Behavior and Inclusion Organization Organization Includes direct rewards and consequences Includes direct rewards and consequences Meaningful Meaningful Have them create rewards/consequences Have them create rewards/consequences “Triggers” “Triggers” Environment Environment Anxiety Anxiety Is the behavior intentional? Is the behavior intentional? Organization Organization Includes direct rewards and consequences Includes direct rewards and consequences Meaningful Meaningful Have them create rewards/consequences Have them create rewards/consequences “Triggers” “Triggers” Environment Environment Anxiety Anxiety Is the behavior intentional? Is the behavior intentional?

Classroom Behavior and Inclusion Your students are a part of your team! Your students are a part of your team! Buddy up Buddy up Self Monitoring Self Monitoring Go over with student (and parent) Go over with student (and parent) Assessment Assessment Your students are a part of your team! Your students are a part of your team! Buddy up Buddy up Self Monitoring Self Monitoring Go over with student (and parent) Go over with student (and parent) Assessment Assessment

Social Acceptance and Inclusion Information can change attitudes Information can change attitudes 360 Students: Tell me about this idea? 360 Students: Tell me about this idea? What was the attitude before ? What was the attitude before ? Teachers/Administrators/Students Teachers/Administrators/Students Information can change attitudes Information can change attitudes 360 Students: Tell me about this idea? 360 Students: Tell me about this idea? What was the attitude before ? What was the attitude before ? Teachers/Administrators/Students Teachers/Administrators/Students

Social Acceptance and Inclusion Model Appropriate Behavior Model Appropriate Behavior Zero tolerance Zero tolerance Coaching Coaching See handout See handout Model Appropriate Behavior Model Appropriate Behavior Zero tolerance Zero tolerance Coaching Coaching See handout See handout

Adaptation of Instruction Trust your musicianship Trust your musicianship “Think outside the box” “Think outside the box” Consult the Team Consult the Team All good teaching includes individualization of instruction (for all students) All good teaching includes individualization of instruction (for all students) Trust your musicianship Trust your musicianship “Think outside the box” “Think outside the box” Consult the Team Consult the Team All good teaching includes individualization of instruction (for all students) All good teaching includes individualization of instruction (for all students)

Adaptation of Instruction The IEP Document The IEP Document Present level of academic functioning Present level of academic functioning 360 review? 360 review? Adaptation in other areas Adaptation in other areas Good teaching techniques apply Good teaching techniques apply Modeling, guided practice, collaborative learning etc. Modeling, guided practice, collaborative learning etc. The IEP Document The IEP Document Present level of academic functioning Present level of academic functioning 360 review? 360 review? Adaptation in other areas Adaptation in other areas Good teaching techniques apply Good teaching techniques apply Modeling, guided practice, collaborative learning etc. Modeling, guided practice, collaborative learning etc.

A Case Study Elementary general music (8 students) Elementary general music (8 students) Self-contained class MIMH Self-contained class MIMH Wheelcairs/mostly non-verbal Wheelcairs/mostly non-verbal Concept: high/low fast/slow Concept: high/low fast/slow Design a lesson Design a lesson What activities can you do? What activities can you do? How would they demonstrate understanding? How would they demonstrate understanding? Elementary general music (8 students) Elementary general music (8 students) Self-contained class MIMH Self-contained class MIMH Wheelcairs/mostly non-verbal Wheelcairs/mostly non-verbal Concept: high/low fast/slow Concept: high/low fast/slow Design a lesson Design a lesson What activities can you do? What activities can you do? How would they demonstrate understanding? How would they demonstrate understanding?