DOT STRUCTURES!. One way of doing dot structures is to follow a few simple rules:

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Presentation transcript:

DOT STRUCTURES!

One way of doing dot structures is to follow a few simple rules:

1. Count the total number of valence electrons from each atom 2. Arrange the molecule: place the outer atoms around the central atom. 3. Place two electrons between each atom; add the rest of the electrons so that each atom has an octet. 4. If one or more of the atoms cannot get an octet with the available electrons, then rearrange the electrons into double or triple bonds as needed for the octets.

EXAMPLE: SO 3 sulfur trioxide

step 1: How many total valence electrons does SO 3 have?

= 24 step 1: How many total valence electrons does SO 3 have?

24

So, distribute 24 valence electrons around SO 3 so that each atom has an octet!

24 electrons step 2: arrange the outer atoms around the central atom

S 24 electrons step 2: arrange the outer atoms around the central atom

SO 24 electrons step 2: arrange the outer atoms around the central atom

SO O 24 electrons step 2: arrange the outer atoms around the central atom

OSO O 24 electrons step 2: arrange the outer atoms around the central atom

OO O step 3: put electrons in the bonds 24 electrons S

OO O 1 23 electrons left S step 3: put electrons in the bonds

OO O electrons left S step 3: put electrons in the bonds

OO O electrons left S step 3: put electrons in the bonds

OO O electrons left S step 3: put electrons in the bonds

OO O electrons left S step 3: put electrons in the bonds

OO O electrons left S step 3: put electrons in the bonds

OO O electrons left S

OO O then, distribute the rest to form the octets electrons left S

OO O electrons left S

OO O electrons left S

OO O electrons left S

OO O electrons left S

OO O electrons left S

OO O electrons left S

OO O electrons left S

OO O electrons left S

OO O S

OO O S step 4: check to see that each atom has an octet

OO O oxygen does not have an octet S

OO O sulfur can share these with oxygen and still count them in its octet S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O oxygen now has an octet S

OO O sulfur still has its octet S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

OO O S

(don’t forget resonance!) OO O S

(don’t forget shapes!) OO O S

O S O O

SO 3 O S O O

! O S O O