Chapter 28 Client Education

28-2 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. The Teaching-Learning Process  A planned interaction that promotes behavioral change that is not a result of maturation or coincidence.

28-3 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.  Teaching is an active process in which one individual shares information with others in order to provide them with information to make behavioral changes.  Learning is the process of assimilating information with a resultant change in behavior. The Teaching-Learning Process

28-4 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Purposes of Client Teaching  Promotion of Health  Prevention of Disease/Injury  Restoration of Health  Facilitation of Coping Abilities

28-5 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Facilitators of Learning  Relevance  Motivation  Readiness  Maturation  Reinforcement  Participation  Organization  Repetition

28-6 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Barriers to Learning  External Barriers Environmental Sociocultural  Internal Barriers Psychological Physiological

28-7 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Domains of Learning  Cognitive Learning that involves acquisition of facts and data Used in problem solving and decision making

28-8 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Domains of Learning  Affective Learning that involves changing attitudes, emotions, beliefs Used in making judgments

28-9 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Domains of Learning  Psychomotor Learning that involves gaining motor skills Physical application of knowledge

28-10 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Teaching Strategies  Discussion Nurse acts as a facilitator. Exchange of information is both verbal and nonverbal. Effective for large groups or individual interactions.

28-11 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Teaching Strategies  Demonstration Realistic for individual clients. Adequate time is allowed. Combined with lecture or discussion. Return demonstration.

28-12 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Teaching Strategies  Visual Aids Flip charts, slides, videos, pamphlets, books Used in conjunction with other teaching strategies

28-13 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Teaching Strategies  Programmed Instruction Audio presentations intended for use without the nurse Assessment for client/instruction compatibility

28-14 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Teaching Strategies  Computer Assisted Instruction Can be personalized. Requires computer skills. Expensive.

28-15 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Professional Responsibilities Related to Teaching  Legal Aspects The American Nurses Association identifies health teaching as an essential function of nursing. In most states, teaching is a required function of nurses. Also mandated by several accrediting bodies.

28-16 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Professional Responsibilities Related to Teaching  Documentation Summary of the learning need Plan of action Implementation of the plan Evaluation of the results Concrete evidence of outcome achievement Steps taken if outcome not achieved

28-17 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Learning Throughout the Life Span  All people are capable of learning.  Learning needs and learning abilities change throughout life.  Teaching approaches must be modified according to the client’s developmental stage and level of understanding.

28-18 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Learning Throughout the Life Span  Children Young children learn primarily through play. Readiness for learning varies according to maturational level. Requires that the nurse work closely with the family or significant others.

28-19 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Insert Figure 28-2, Daniels, Fund.  Hospitalized child using doll in her role- playing activity.

28-20 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Learning Throughout the Life Span  Adolescents More complex information is understood. Peer pressure is a strong influence. Group meetings are often useful. Nurses teach by acting as role models. Independence is increased through active participation in their own health care.

28-21 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Learning Throughout the Life Span  Older Adults Sensory deficits Learning styles Frequent repetition Demonstration Discussion

28-22 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Teaching-Learning and the Nursing Process  Assessment Learning styles Learning needs Potential learning needs

28-23 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.  Assessment Ability to learn Readiness to learn Client strengths Previous experience and knowledge base Teaching-Learning and the Nursing Process

28-24 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Teaching-Learning and the Nursing Process  Nursing Diagnosis Deficient Knowledge Risk for Infection Self-Care Deficit

28-25 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Teaching-Learning and the Nursing Process  Planning and Outcome Identification What to teach How to teach Who will teach and who will be taught When teaching will occur Where teaching will be done

28-26 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Planning and Outcome Identification  Teaching Vulnerable Populations Individuals who experience developmental delays, chronic illness, low literacy skills, and sensory impairments

28-27 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Teaching Vulnerable Populations  Developmental Delays  Chronic Illness  Low Literacy Skills  Sensory Impairments

28-28 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Implementation  Knowledge Base  Interpersonal Skills  Teaching Clients at Home

28-29 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Evaluation  Determining what the client has learned  Assessing the nurse’s teaching effectiveness

28-30 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Evaluation of Learning  Did the client meet mutually-established goals and objectives?  Can the client demonstrate skills?  Have the client’s attitudes changed?  Can the client cope better with illness- imposed limitations?  Does the family understand health problems and know how to help?

28-31 Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Evaluation of Teaching  Feedback from the Learner  Feedback from Colleagues  Situational Feedback  Self-Evaluation