January 25, 2010 (#90) Need: Books/Notebooks

 Continue to Build a better understanding of Electric and Magnetic Field behaviors  Connection between Magnetic Fields and the Earth as well as Technology  Describe the relationships among the three components of electricity.

 For those of you that find this topic interesting, at the conclusion of today's lesson, there will be some extensions you can pursue in learning more about Magnetic Fields, Reversals, and maybe, a touch of SciFi regarding 2012.

 Modern Marvels Renewable Energy P2  Bell Work Questions  Connecting Renewable Energy to Magnetic Fields ▪ History of the Earth – Paleomagnetism FINISH ▪ Technology – Cracking the Code (Binary Code)  How are Magnets Made  Magnetic Fields Continued  Continue Who killed the electric car?  Work on Building Layer  For those done, National Geographic Article. Read, Review, Summarize, Comment

Enjoy today’s Problem of the Day Video!

Solar Energy has the potential to help the US with it’s energy demands. However, there are some drawbacks to the current silicon type panels. What do you think is the biggest concern for people interested in them? A. They are too fragile B. People do not like the look of them C. They are too expensive D. Not sure/Do not know

Are there any areas in the USA that you think would/could benefit from such a Renewable Energy Source? C. B. D. A. E.

 Observing Iceland’s use of Geothermal energy, gives us a great way of discussing Igneous rock formation and the field of Paleomagnetism.  First, addressing Earth’s Magnetic Field.

Earth’s many layers are the accepted cause of what causes the Magnetic Field surrounding the Earth. -The Core clip

A movie called THE CORE, attempted to explain what might happen on Earth if the Magnetic Field was ever disrupted. You be the judge as to how accurate it is. 22: :00

 Watch Video Clip  Magnetic Field Animation Magnetic Field Animation

 Surrounds every electric charge and exerts a force (Magnetically)  In this case large amounts of hot metal moving past one another, creates a Magnetic Field

 Thanks to this field, the Earth is shielded from Solar Wind (Radiation)

Join the new Bill Nye Show in observing what he considers to be a famous discovery. discoveries-shorts-magnetic-field-reversal.html So, what do you think about the Earth’s Magnetic Field Reversing? How about Fading? 9/0909_040909_earthmagfield.html

 Video Clip - Magnetic Pole Movement Magnetic Pole Movement

 The Magnetic Field has reversed about every 200,000 to 300,000 years  It has been about 780,000 years since the last reversal  Pole Wanders at about 40miles a year  Reversals are always predicated by a reduction in the fields strength  The field has reduced 10% in the last 150 yrs  Some reductions are followed by increases in strength.  Are we due? Who knows!

Back in the Early 1950’s Edward A. Irving, a Canadian paleomagnetism specialist, used paleomagnetic studies to support plate tectonics (Movement of Crustal Plates 1 cm per year). The method of identifying polar reversals by examination of oceanic crust was further developed by Frederick John Vine. Let us examine what he discovered. Mind you this is old footage! Mind you this is old footage! Paleomagnetism Video Clip.

Video Clip – South Atlantic Video Clip – SFS2 With Arrows Video Clip – SFS4 Pole Reversals Video Clip – SFS5 Arrows and Chart

 See if you can figure out where the center of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is.  Using the magnet, run the magnetic “Boat Sensor” over the sea-floor.  For each section, call out whether it is Normal (Repelling) or Reversal (Attracting)  Work Together to figure out the location of the ridge/Spreading Center

Many studies and research shows that the planets magnetic field has reversed and faded throughout the history of the planet. Some current models show this situation.

Hematite- Mined as the main ore in Iron Magnetite- or Loadstone, most magnetized naturally occurring mineral

 Most metals have domains that are randomly placed  Being magnetized arranges the domains into one direction  Screw driver rubbed on a magnet becomes magnetic

How have humans discovered that the Earth’s Magnetic Field has changed? A. They waited for their compasses to change direction B. They watched birds flying E to W instead of N to S C. They observed iron particles in newly formed rock D. They looked for changes in the iron orientation on the ocean floor E. Not Sure

Binary Code.  First introduced in the 11 th century –Shau Yong- philosopher (Not used in math)  200BC – Indian writer Pingala-develops binary numeral system  1605 – Francis Bacon created a system where letters of alphabet could be assigned binary digits  Late 1930’s, George Stibitz, working on the “Model K” computer, which calculated using binary addition.

First, remember that the code (program) originally worked with switches, either turned on (1) or off (0). Only those two figures are used. So, to begin, we will count, and in counting, we will start with Zero (0). Number O = Binary Code O Number 1 = Binary Code 1 Pretty hard huh?

Continue on… Number O = Binary Code 0 Number 1 = Binary Code 1 Number 2 = Binary Code 10 Number 3 = Binary Code 11 Number 4 = Binary Code 100 Number 5 = Binary Code 101 Number 6 = Binary Code 110 Number 7 = Binary Code 111 Number 8 = Binary Code 1000

 Using a Hexidecimal and Decimal System combined with Binary we can get letters HexDecBinary A B C D E F151111

Nanotechnology The biggest science initiative since the Apollo program

10 GB GB GB GB GB 2007 Example: Data storage capacity of the iPod Hard drive Magnetic data storage Uses nanotechnology!

Hard Disk Drives - a home for bits Hitachi

Magnetic Data Storage A computer hard drive stores your data magnetically Disk NS direction of disk motion “Write” Head __ “Bits” of information NS “Read” Head Signal current

 Using the Homemade “Reader Heads,” Walk around the room with a partner or two and collect answers to questions that have answers given in binary code. Most answers will be in Number form.  Use the code on the top of the reader, and collect answers to your papers.  There are only 10 questions.

Improving Magnetic Data Storage Technology The UMass Amherst Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing is working to improve this technology Granular Media Perpendicular Write Head Soft Magnetic UnderLayer (SUL) coil Y. Sonobe, et al., JMMM (2006) 1 bit CHM Goal: Make "perfect" media using self-assembled nano-templates Also, making new designs for storage

10 GB GB GB GB GB 2007 So, how does Apple get more storage? Hard drive Magnetic data storage Uses nanotechnology! By Making the Magnets Smaller!!

Konarka Benefit: Sun is an unlimited source of electronic energy.

 Please check out the teams website for further studies and ideas regarding the chance that the planet’s magnetic field is in the process of reversing, or just preparing to strengthen again. 

Notice the name on the poster to the right  Notice that guy and his name, that would be 1992, 8 th Grade!

Video on How Magnets Are made