1 Trends in California Water Management CALAFCO Conference Monterey, CA September 9, 2005 Robert Shibatani & Mark Horne EIP Associates

Water Trends A.Supply Overview B.Water Trends C.LAFCo Implications

Water Supply Overview

California’s Water Supply About 190 million acre-feet of rain and snow/ year About 75% falls north of Sacramento About 75% of demand is south of Sacramento About 75% falls between November and March About 75% of demand is between April and October Depend on “Cold Storage” in the form of snow pack About 60% soaks into ground, evaporates, or is used by native vegetation Of remaining 40% 36% flows to ocean 28% committed to environment 28% used by agriculture 7% used by cities and industry

California’s Water System

Hydrology Overview: Watering “Entering” the State Source 1998 (Wet) 2000 (Ave.) 2001 (Dry) Precipitation Inflow from Oregon/Mexico Inflow from Colorado River Total (Million AF)

Use/Location 1998 (Wet) 2000 (Ave.) 2001 (Dry) Consumptive Use (Ag., M&I, Wetlands) Outflow (Ore./Nev./Mex.) Outflow to Salt Sink Evaporation, Evapo- transpiration, Groundwater Recharge, Runoff, & Other Outflows Total (Million AFY) Hydrology Overview: Watering “Leaving” the State

Location 1998 (Wet) 2000 (Ave.) 2001 (Dry) Lakes & Reservoirs Groundwater Basins Total (Million AFY) Hydrology Overview: Storage Changes

Storage/Allocation Problem Cannot capture/retain Annual Inflows Excess Unimpaired Inflow Undersized Reservoirs Flood Control Mandate of CVP/SWP New On-Stream Reservoirs - Difficult Cannot deliver to use areas Distant source reservoirs Undersized/non-existent Conveyance

What are the Short-Term Supply Solutions? Transfers Assignments Intra- and Inter-Regional Groundwater Banking/Conjunctive Use Demand Reduction Water Conservation - Offset Recycled Water - Offset

What are the Delivery Constraints? Infrastructure Limitations Aged/Inefficient Facilities Cost to Build New Facilities Time to Build/Approve New Facilities Regulatory Controls Delta Water Quality – X2 ESA Biological Opinions – Minimum Flows CVP Dedicated Yield

Water Trends Traditional Water Planning Water Supply Storage and Delivery Groundwater Water Quality Documentation “New” Water Planning

Traditional Water Planning Single Agency Single (or Few) Sources Safe Drinking Water Act Water Quality Analysis 12 parameters

Recent Trends: Supply Multiple Sources Local Supplies Surface & Groundwater Imported Water Water Transfers

Recent Trends: Supply Non-Traditional Sources Recycled Water Storm Water Conservation Colored Water Desalination

Recent Trends: Storage & Delivery Limited Surface Storage Options Increase in Conjunctive Use Aging Infrastructure

Recent Trends: Storage & Delivery Variations in Supply Climate Variability Interruptible Water SWP Reliability Report Environmental Concerns

Recent Trends: Groundwater Basins in “Overdraft” Conjunctive Use Expansion of Artificial Recharge Aquifer Storage & Recovery (ASR)

Recent Trends: Groundwater Quality Concerns Contaminants from Prior Land Uses Disinfection By-Products (THMs)

Recent Trends: Water Quality Drinking Water Regulation Tanner Bill, Prop. 65, CA Toxics Rule, etc. MCLs, DLRs, UCRMs, etc.

Recent Trends: Water Quality Surface Water Regulation NPDES Point & Non-Point Sources TMDLs Watershed-based Implementation Strategies

Recent Trends: Water Quality

Emerging Contaminants Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds

Recent Trends: Documentation Source Water Assessment Wellhead Protection Program

Recent Trends: Documentation Source Water Assessment Wellhead Protection Program Groundwater Management Plan (AB 3030) Urban/Agricultural Water Management Plans

Recent Trends: Documentation Source Water Assessment Wellhead Protection Program Groundwater Management Plan (AB 3030) Urban/Agricultural Water Management Plans Information Exchange for General Plans Water Supply Assessment (SB 610) Water Supply Verification (SB 221)

SB 610: Water Supply Assessment 500 Residential Dwelling Units 500 Hotel/Motel Rooms 500,000 sq. ft. Retail (or 1,000 employees) 250,000 sq. ft. Commercial (or 1,000 employees) 650,000 sq. ft. Industrial (or 40 acres or 1,000 employees)

SB 221: Water Supply Verification Subdivision for 500 units

Average Water Year Single Dry Water Year Multiple Dry Water Years SB 610 & 221: Is the Supply Adequate?

Local Water Agencies Urban Water Management Plans Water Agencies with 3,000 connections What to do in Developing Areas? SB 610 & 221: Information Sources?

Water Trends: Other Issues Habitat, Species & Open Space Protection Land Conservation

Water Trends: Other Issues Local Watershed Plans

Water Trends: Other Issues General Plans Optional Water Element Another Link Between Land Use & Water?

Water Trends: Other Issues Optional Water Element Water Supply Water Quality Wastewater Treatment Storm Water Management Flood Management

Storm Water Liability? Paterno v. State of California Water Trends: Other Issues

Integrated Regional Water Management (Proposition 50, Chapter 8) Water Trends: The “New” Water Planning

“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Water Supply Reliability, Water Conservation, & Water Use Efficiency

“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Water Supply Reliability, Water Conservation, & Water Use Efficiency Groundwater Recharge & Management Projects

“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Water Supply Reliability, Water Conservation, & Water Use Efficiency Groundwater Recharge & Management Projects Demonstration Projects for Drinking Water Treatment & Distribution Methods

“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Water Supply Reliability, Water Conservation, & Water Use Efficiency Groundwater Recharge & Management Projects Demonstration Projects for Drinking Water Treatment & Distribution Methods Water Banking, Water Exchange, Water Reclamation, & Improvement of Water Quality

“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Storm Water Capture, Storage, Treatment, & Management Planning & Implementation of Multi-Purpose Flood Control Programs

“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: NPS Pollution Reduction, Management & Monitoring Contaminant & Salt Removal

“New” Water Planning IRMW Plans may include: Removal of Invasive Non-Native Plants Creation and Enhancement of Wetlands Acquisition, Protection, & Restoration of Open Space & Watershed Lands Watershed Management Planning & Implementation

“New” Water Planning IRWM Plan Contents Regional Agency or Group Water Management Strategies How Integration Improves Reliability Regional Priorities Implementation Strategies Relation to Local Planning

“New” Water Planning IRWM Issues Short Timeline to Prepare a Draft Self-Defined Region (Overlap & Gaps) Is There Life After Prop. 50?

Infrastructure Deficiencies Growth & Population Projections Financing Constraints & Opportunities Cost Avoidance Rate Restructuring Shared Facilities Government Structure Management Efficiencies Local Accountability & Governance LAFCO Mandates Government Code 56430

Contemporary Examples from Water Agency Perspective Water Supply & Infrastructure A – B – C – D “Daisy Chain Model” Firm Yield – Multiple Dry Years? Groundwater Banking - Accounting Folsom Re-Operation – Growth Moratorium Sacramento Water Forum Engineering/Hydraulics

Keys to Integrated Regional Water Management Planning “LAFCO Considerations” Recognize Water Management Trends Recognize Spatiality – 3 Dimensions Recognize Potential of MSRs – Key Tool Questions? What is an Appropriate “Region”? Who should assume the Lead Role? Can Regional Plans provide “Local” Info?

51 Questions?Questions?

52 Trends in California Water Management Robert Shibatani Mark Horne