CIS300 TEST REVIEW EXAM 2- PROFS. KENDRA, GOYAL & MCINTOSH REACH - CRC © 2014 REACH All Rights Reserved.

MICROSOFT  EXCEL  1.Logical Functions 2.Mathematical Functions 3.Statistical Functions 4.Lookup Functions 2

MICROSOFT  EXCEL  LOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND =AND(logical1, [logical2],...) OR =OR(logical1, [logical2],...) NOT =NOT(logical) IF =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false]) NESTEDIF IF( condition1, value_if_true, IF( condition2, value_if_true, value_if_false )) IFERROR =IFERROR(value, value_if_error) 3

Syntax: =AND(logical1, [logical2],...) Arguments: logical1 Required  The first condition that you want to test that can evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE. logical2,... Optional  Additional conditions that you want to test that can evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE, up to a maximum of 255 conditions. 4

Description: Returns FALSE if one or more arguments is FALSE Otherwise, all arguments must evaluate TRUE Remarks: Arguments must evaluate to logical values Arguments must be arrays or references that contain logical values Text and empty cells are ignored in arrays or references Errors: #VALUE – If no logical values exist in a specified range 5

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Syntax: =OR(logical1, [logical2],...) Arguments: logical1 Required  The first condition that you want to test that can evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE. logical2,... Optional  Additional conditions that you want to test that can evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE, up to a maximum of 255 conditions. 8

Description: Returns TRUE if one or more arguments is TRUE Otherwise, all arguments must evaluate FALSE Remarks: Arguments must evaluate to logical values Arguments must be arrays or references that contain logical values Text and empty cells are ignored in arrays or references Errors: #VALUE – If no logical values exist in a specified range 9

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Syntax: =NOT(logical) Arguments: logical Required  A value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE. 11

Description: Reverses the value of its argument. Remarks: If logical is FALSE, NOT returns TRUE if logical is TRUE, NOT returns FALSE Errors: None 12

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Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false]) Arguments: logical_test Required  Any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE. value_if_true Optional The value that you want to be returned if the logical_test argument evaluates to TRUE. If logical_test evaluates to TRUE and the value_if_true argument is omitted (that is, there is only a comma following the logical_test argument), the IF function returns 0 (zero). To display the word TRUE, use the logical value TRUE for the value_if_true argument. 14

Syntax: =IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false]) Arguments: value_if_false Optional  The value that you want to be returned if the logical_test argument evaluates to FALSE.  If logical_test evaluates to FALSE and the value_if_false argument is omitted, (that is, there is no comma following the value_if_true argument), the IF function returns the logical value FALSE.  If logical_test evaluates to FALSE and the value of the value_if_false argument is omitted (that is, in the IF function, there is a comma following the value_if_true argument), the IF function returns the value 0 (zero). 15

Description: The IF function returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE, and another value if that condition evaluates to FALSE. Remarks: Up to 7 IF functions can be nested as value_if_true and value_if_false arguments to construct more elaborate tests. (2003) Up to 64 IF functions can be nested as value_if_true and value_if_false arguments to construct more elaborate tests. (2007) If any of the arguments to IF are arrays, every element of the array is evaluated when the IF statement is carried out. Errors: None 16

value_if_true  [value_if_false] 17

NESTED IF IN EXCEL A nested IF statement says something like... "If the answer is yes, do this. If the answer is no do this or this (depending on...“ Syntax: IF( condition1, value_if_true, IF( condition2, value_if_true, value_if_false )) 18

NESTED IF CONTD. What was the percentage grade you got on your last test?75% You got a C =IF(F42<60%,"Sorry, you failed",IF(F42<70%,"You got a D",IF(F42<80%,"You got a C",IF(F42<90%, "You got a B", "WOW you got an A!!!")))) 19

NESTED IF Example 2 (Rule 2) If cell B1 (which contains a student’s total points out of a 100 scale) is greater than or equal to 90 then give her an A, if it is greater than equal to 80 and less than 90 then give her a B, if it is greater than equal to 70 and less than 80 then give her a C, if it is greater than equal to 60 and less than 70 then give her a D, and if it is less than 60 then give her an F 20

NESTED IF What is the syntax used to implement this rule in MS Excel? =IF(B1>=90,"A",IF(B1>=80,"B",IF(B1>=70,"C",IF(B1>=60,"D","F")))) 21

Syntax: =IFERROR(value, value_if_error) Arguments: Value Required. The argument that is checked for an error. Value_if_error Required. The value to return if the formula evaluates to an error. The following error types are evaluated: #N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NUM!, #NAME?, or #NULL!. 22

Description: Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula. Use the IFERROR function to trap and handle errors in a formula. Remarks: If value or value_if_error is an empty cell, IFERROR treats it as an empty string value (""). If value is an array formula, IFERROR returns an array of results for each cell in the range specified in value. See the second example below. Errors None 23

Example: 24

Microsoft  Excel  Mathematical Functions SUM =SUM(number1,[number2],...) SUMIF =SUMIF(range,criteria,[sum_range]) SUMIFS =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2],...) ROUND =ROUND(number,num_digits) 25

Syntax: =SUM(number1, [number2], [number3], [number4],...) Arguments: number1 Required  The first item that you want to add. number2, number3, number4,... Optional  The remaining items that you want to add, up to a total of 255 items. 26

Description: Adds all the numbers that you specify as arguments. Remarks: Each argument can be a range, a cell reference, an array, a constant, a formula, or the result from another function. If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference are counted. Empty cells, logical values, or text in the array or reference are ignored. Errors: If any arguments are error values, or if any arguments are text that cannot be translated into numbers, Excel displays an error. 27

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Syntax: =SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range]) Arguments: range Required  The range of cells that you want evaluated by criteria. o Cells in each range must be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. o Blank and text values are ignored.  criteria Required  The criteria in the form of a number, expression, a cell reference, text, or a function that defines which cells will be added. o Criteria can be expressed as 32, ">32", B5, "32", "apples", or TODAY(). sum_range Optional  The actual cells to add, if you want to add cells other than those specified in the range argument. o Excel adds the cells that are specified in the range argument (the same cells to which the criteria is applied). 29

Description: Sums the values in a range that meet criteria that you specify. Remarks: See the Microsoft ® Excel ® help for additional remarks. Errors: None 30

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Syntax: SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2],...) Arguments: sum_range Required. One or more cells to sum, including numbers or names, ranges, or cell references that contain numbers. Blank and text values are ignored. criteria_range1 Required. The first range in which to evaluate the associated criteria. criteria1 Required. The criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that define which cells in the criteria_range1 argument will be added. For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, ">32", B4, "apples", or "32." criteria_range2, criteria2, … Optional. Additional ranges and their associated criteria. Up to 127 range/criteria pairs are allowed. 32

Description: Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria. For example, if you want to sum the numbers in the range A1:A20 only if the corresponding numbers in B1:B20 are greater than zero (0) and the corresponding numbers in C1:C20 are less than 10, you can use the following formula: =SUMIFS(A1:A20, B1:B20, ">0", C1:C20, "<10") IMPORTANT The order of arguments differ between the SUMIFS and SUMIF functions. In particular, thesum_range argument is the first argument in SUMIFS, but it is the third argument in SUMIF. If you are copying and editing these similar functions, make sure you put the arguments in the correct order 33

Remarks: Each cell in the sum_range argument is summed only if all of the corresponding criteria specified are true for that cell. For example, suppose that a formula contains two criteria_range arguments. If the first cell ofcriteria_range1 meets criteria1, and the first cell of criteria_range2 meets critera2, the first cell ofsum_range is added to the sum, and so on, for the remaining cells in the specified ranges. Cells in the sum_range argument that contain TRUE evaluate to 1; cells in sum_range that contain FALSE evaluate to 0 (zero). Unlike the range and criteria arguments in the SUMIF function, in the SUMIFS function, each criteria_rangeargument must contain the same number of rows and columns as the sum_range argument. You can use the wildcard characters — the question mark (?) and asterisk (*) — in criteria. A question mark matches any single character; an asterisk matches any sequence of characters. If you want to find an actual question mark or asterisk, type a tilde (~) before the character. Errors: None 34

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Syntax: =ROUND(number, num_digits) Arguments: number Required  The number that you want to round. num_digits Required  The number of digits to which you want to round the number argument. 36

Description: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits. Remarks: If num_digits is greater than 0 (zero), then number is rounded to the specified number of decimal places. If num_digits is 0, the number is rounded to the nearest integer. If num_digits is less than 0, the number is rounded to the left of the decimal point. Errors: None 37

=ROUND(-1.475,2) Rounds to two decimal places 38

MICROSOFT  EXCEL  STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS AVERAGE =AVERAGE(number1, [number2],...) AVERAGEIF =AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range]) COUNT =COUNT(value1, [value2],...) COUNTIF =AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range]) COUNTIFS COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2]…) COUNTA =COUNTA(value1, [value2],...) MAX =MAX(number1,[number2],...) MIN =MIN(number1,[number2],...) LARGE =LARGE(array,k) SMALL =LARGE(array,k) 39

Syntax: =AVERAGE(number1, [number2],...) Arguments: number1 Required  The first number, cell reference, or range for which you want the average. number2,... Optional  Additional numbers, cell references or ranges for which you want the average, up to a maximum of

Description: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. Remarks: Arguments can either be numbers or names, ranges, or cell references that contain numbers. Logical values and text representations of numbers that you type directly into the list of arguments are counted. If a range or cell reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are ignored; however, cells with the value zero are included. Errors: Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. 41

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Syntax: =AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range]) Arguments: range Required  One or more cells to average, including numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. criteria Required  The criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that defines which cells are averaged. average_range Optional  The actual set of cells to average. 43

Description: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria. Remarks: If average_range is omitted, range is used. Cells in range that contain TRUE or FALSE are ignored. If a cell in average_range is an empty cell, AVERAGEIF ignores it. If a cell in criteria is empty, AVERAGEIF treats it as a 0 value. Errors: #DIV/0 – If range is a blank or text value. #DIV/0 – If no cells in the range meet the criteria. 44

=AVERAGEIF(B2:B5,"<23000") 45

=AVERAGEIF(B2:B5,"<23000") =

=AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,"<95000") 47

=AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,"<95000") =#DIV/0 48

=AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,">250000",B2:B5) 49

=AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,">250000",B2:B5) =

Syntax: AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2],...) Arguments: Average_range Required. One or more cells to average, including numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. Criteria_range1, criteria_range2, … Criteria_range1 is required, subsequent criteria_ranges are optional. 1 to 127 ranges in which to evaluate the associated criteria. Criteria1, criteria2,... Criteria1 is required, subsequent criteria are optional. 1 to 127 criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that define which cells will be averaged. For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, "32", ">32", "apples", or B4. 51

Description: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria. Remarks: If average_range is a blank or text value, AVERAGEIFS returns the #DIV0! error value. If a cell in a criteria range is empty, AVERAGEIFS treats it as a 0 value. Cells in range that contain TRUE evaluate as 1; cells in range that contain FALSE evaluate as 0 (zero). Each cell in average_range is used in the average calculation only if all of the corresponding criteria specified are true for that cell. Unlike the range and criteria arguments in the AVERAGEIF function, in AVERAGEIFS each criteria_range must be the same size and shape as sum_range. If cells in average_range cannot be translated into numbers, AVERAGEIFS returns the #DIV0! error value. If there are no cells that meet all the criteria, AVERAGEIFS returns the #DIV/0! error value. You can use the wildcard characters, question mark (?) and asterisk (*), in criteria. A question mark matches any single character; an asterisk matches any sequence of characters. If you want to find an actual question mark or asterisk, type a tilde (~) before the character. Errors: None. 52

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Syntax: =COUNT(value1, [value2],...) Arguments: value1 Required  The first item, cell reference, or range within which you want to count numbers. value2,... Optional  Up to 255 additional items, cell references, or ranges within which you want to count numbers. 54

Description: Counts the number of cells that contain numbers, and counts numbers within the list of arguments. Remarks: Arguments that are numbers, dates, or a text representation of numbers (for example, a number enclosed in quotation marks, such as "1") are counted. Logical values and text representations of numbers that you type directly into the list of arguments are counted. Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers are not counted. If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference are counted. Empty cells, logical values, text, or error values in the array or reference are not counted. Errors: None 55

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Syntax: =COUNTIF(range, criteria) Arguments: range Required  One or more cells to count, including numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. o Blank and text values are ignored.  criteria Required  A number, expression, cell reference, or text string that defines which cells will be counted. o Criteria can be expressed as 32, ">32", B4, "apples", or "32". 57

Description: Counts the number of cells within a range that meet a single criterion that you specify. Remarks: See the Microsoft ® Excel ® help for additional remarks. Criteria are case insensitive Errors: None 58

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Syntax: COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2]…) Arguments: criteria_range1 Required. The first range in which to evaluate the associated criteria. criteria1 Required. The criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that define which cells will be counted. For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, ">32", B4, "apples", or "32". criteria_range2, criteria2,... Optional. Additional ranges and their associated criteria. Up to 127 range/criteria pairs are allowed. IMPORTANT Each additional range must have the same number of rows and columns as the criteria_range1argument. The ranges do not have to be adjacent to each other. 60

Description: Applies criteria to cells across multiple ranges and counts the number of times all criteria are met. Remarks: Each range's criteria is applied one cell at a time. If all of the first cells meet their associated criteria, the count increases by 1. If all of the second cells meet their associated criteria, the count increases by 1 again, and so on until all of the cells are evaluated. If the criteria argument is a reference to an empty cell, the COUNTIFS function treats the empty cell as a 0 value. You can use the wildcard characters— the question mark (?) and asterisk (*) — in criteria. A question mark matches any single character, and an asterisk matches any sequence of characters. If you want to find an actual question mark or asterisk, type a tilde (~) before the character. Errors: None 61

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Syntax: =COUNTA(value1, [value2],...) Arguments: value1 Required  The first argument representing the values that you want to count. value2,... Optional  Additional arguments representing the values that you want to count, up to a maximum of 255 arguments. 63

Description: Counts the number of cells that are not empty in a range. Remarks: Counts cells containing any type of information, including error values and empty text ("“). The COUNTA function does not count empty cells. Errors: None 64

=COUNTA(A1:A8) 65

Syntax: =MAX(number1,[number2],...) Arguments: number1, number2,... Required  1 to 255 numbers for which you want to find the maximum value. 66

Description: Returns the largest value in a set of values. Remarks: Arguments can either be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. Logical values and text representations of numbers that you type directly into the list of arguments are counted. If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference are used. Empty cells, logical values, or text in the array or reference are ignored. If the arguments contain no numbers, MAX returns 0 (zero). Errors: Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. 67

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Syntax: =MIN(number1,[number2],...) Arguments: number1, number2,... Required  1 to 255 numbers for which you want to find the minimum value. 69

Description: Returns the smallest value in a set of values. Remarks: Arguments can either be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. Logical values and text representations of numbers that you type directly into the list of arguments are counted. If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference are used. Empty cells, logical values, or text in the array or reference are ignored. If the arguments contain no numbers, MIN returns 0 (zero). Errors: Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. 70

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Syntax: =LARGE(array,k) Arguments: array Required  The array or range of data for which you want to determine the k-th largest value.  k Required  The position (from the largest) in the array or cell range of data to return. 72

Description: Returns the k-th largest value in a data set. Remarks: If n is the number of data points in a range, then LARGE(array,1) returns the largest value. If n is the number of data points in a range, then LARGE(array,n) returns the smallest value. Errors: #NUM! – If array is empty #NUM! – If k ≤ 0 #NUM! – If k is greater than the number of data points 73

=LARGE(array,k) 3rd largest number in the numbers in columns A and B 74

=LARGE(array,k) =LARGE(A2:B6 3rd largest number in the numbers in columns A and B 75

=LARGE(array,k) =LARGE(A2:B6,3) 3rd largest number in the numbers in columns A and B 76

=LARGE(array,k) =LARGE(A2:B6,3) 3rd largest number in the numbers in columns A and B List the numbers in descending order: =5 77

=LARGE(array,k) 7th largest number in the numbers in columns A and B 78

=LARGE(array,k) =LARGE(A2:B6 7th largest number in the numbers in columns A and B 79

=LARGE(array,k) =LARGE(A2:B6,7) 7th largest number in the numbers in columns A and B 80

=LARGE(array,k) =LARGE(A2:B6,7) 7th largest number in the numbers in columns A and B List the numbers in descending order:

=LARGE(array,k) =LARGE(A2:B6,7) 7th largest number in the numbers in columns A and B List the numbers in descending order: =4 82

Syntax: =SMALL(array,k) Arguments: array Required  The array or range of data for which you want to determine the k-th smallest value.  k Required  The position (from the smallest) in the array or cell range of data to return. 83

Description: Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set. Remarks: If n is the number of data points in a range, then SMALL(array,1) returns the smallest value. If n is the number of data points in a range, then SMALL(array,n) returns the largest value. Errors: #NUM! – If array is empty #NUM! – If k ≤ 0 #NUM! – If k is greater than the number of data points 84

=SMALL(array,k) 4th smallest number in first column 85

=SMALL(array,k) =SMALL(A2:A10 4th smallest number in first column 86

=SMALL(array,k) =SMALL(A2:A10,4) 4th smallest number in first column List the numbers in ascending order:

=SMALL(array,k) =SMALL(A2:A10,4) 4th smallest number in first column List the numbers in ascending order: =4 88

=SMALL(array,k) 2nd smallest number in second column 89

=SMALL(array,k) =SMALL(B2:B10 2nd smallest number in second column 90

=SMALL(array,k) =SMALL(B2:B10,2) 2nd smallest number in second column List the numbers in ascending order:

=SMALL(array,k) =SMALL(B2:B10,2) 2nd smallest number in second column =3 List the numbers in ascending order:

Syntax: =MEDIAN(number1, [number2],...) Arguments: number1 Required number2,... Optional  1 to 255 numbers for which you want the median. Description: Returns the median of the given numbers. The median is the number in the middle of a set of numbers. 93

Remarks: If there is an even number of numbers in the set, then MEDIAN calculates the average of the two numbers in the middle. See the second formula in the example. Arguments can either be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. Logical values and text representations of numbers that you type directly into the list of arguments are counted. If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are ignored; however, cells with the value zero are included. Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. Errors: None 94

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Syntax: =MODE(number1,number2,...) Arguments: Number1, number2,... are 1 to 255 arguments for which you want to calculate the mode. You can also use a single array or a reference to an array instead of arguments separated by commas. Description: Returns the most frequently occurring, or repetitive, value in an array or range of data. 96

Remarks: Arguments can either be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are ignored; however, cells with the value zero are included. Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause errors. If the data set contains no duplicate data points, MODE returns the #N/A error value. Errors: None 97

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(GOYAL ONLY) MICROSOFT  EXCEL  LOOKUP FUNCTIONS VLOOKUP =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup]) HLOOKUP = HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup) 99

Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,[range_lookup]) Arguments: lookup_value Required  The value to search in the first column of the table or range. table_array Required  The range of cells that contains the data. col_index_num Required  The column number in the table_array argument from which the matching value must be returned. range_lookup Optional  A logical value that specifies whether you want VLOOKUP to find an exact match or an approximate match. 100

Description: Searches the first column of a range of cells, and then returns a value from any cell on the same row of the range. Remarks: The values in the first column of table_array can be text, numbers, or logical values. Uppercase and lowercase text are equivalent. If range_lookup is TRUE, the values in the first column of table_array must be placed in ascending order. If range_lookup is TRUE or omitted, an approximate match is returned. If range_lookup is FALSE, an exact match will be attempted. 101

Errors: #VALUE! – If col_index_num is less than 1 #REF! – If col_index_num is greater than the number of columns in the table_array #N/A – If range_lookup is FALSE and an exact match cannot be found #N/A – If lookup_value is less than the smallest value in the first column of table_array 102

(1)=VLOOKUP(C11*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) 103

(1)=VLOOKUP(C11*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(44*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) 104

(1)=VLOOKUP(C11*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(44*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) 105

(1)=VLOOKUP(C11*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(44*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) 106

(1)=VLOOKUP(C11*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(44*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, 66/E6, TRUE) 107

(1)=VLOOKUP(C11*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(44*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, 66/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, 66/11, TRUE) 108

(1)=VLOOKUP(C11*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(44*2, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, G18/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, 66/E6, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, 66/11, TRUE) =VLOOKUP(88, $B$8:$G$24, 6, TRUE) 109

Syntax: = HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup) Arguments: lookup_value Required  The value to search in the first row of the table or range. table_array Required  The range of cells that contains the data. row_index_num Required  The row number in table_array from which the matching value will be returned  range_lookup Optional. A logical value that specifies whether you want HLOOKUP to find an exact match or an approximate match. If TRUE or omitted, an approximate match is returned. In other words, if an exact match is not found, the next largest value that is less than lookup_value is returned. If FALSE, HLOOKUP will find an exact match. If one is not found, the error value #N/A is returned. 110

Description: Searches for a value in the top row of a table or an array of values, and then returns a value in the same column from a row you specify in the table or array. Remarks: If HLOOKUP can't find lookup_value, and range_lookup is TRUE, it uses the largest value that is less than lookup_value. If lookup_value is smaller than the smallest value in the first row of table_array, HLOOKUP returns the #N/A error value. 111

Errors: #VALUE! – If row_index_num is less than 1 #REF! – If row_index_num is greater than the number of rows in the table_array #N/A – If range_lookup is FALSE and an exact match cannot be found #N/A – If lookup_value is less than the smallest value in the first row of table_array 112

ABC 1AxlesBearingBolts FormulaDescription (Result) Looks up Axles in row 1, and returns the value from row 2 that's in the same column. (4) =HLOOKUP("Axles",A1:C4,2,TRUE) =HLOOKUP("Bearings",A1:C4,3,FALSE) Looks up Bearings in row 1, and returns the value from row 3 that's in the same column. (7) =HLOOKUP("B",A1:C4,3,TRUE) Looks up B in row 1, and returns the value from row 3 that's in the same column. Because B is not an exact match, the next largest value that is less than B is used: Axles. (5) =HLOOKUP("Bolts",A1:C4,4) Looks up Bolts in row 1, and returns the value from row 4 that's in the same column. (11) 113

The worksheet above lists the annual salaries for a company’s employees. (A)What is the formula to determine the total number of employees who earn between $50,000 and $70,000 in annual salary (inclusive)? =COUNTIFS(C4:C14,">50000",C4:C14,"<70000") (B) What is the formula to determine the sum of the salaries of employees who have first names that begin with the letter A? =SUMIFS(C4:C14,B4:B14,"=A*") (C) What is the formula to determine the average salary of employees who earn more than the third (3rd) highest salary? =AVERAGEIF(C4:C14,">"&LARGE(C4:C14,3),C4:C14) 114

AUTO-SUM BUTTON 115

BOOLEAN VALUES Definition: In computer science, Boolean data has two values: TRUE or FALSE.values Boolean Values and Excel's Logical Functions Boolean values are used by Excel's Logical Functions, such as the IF function, AND function, and the OR function.IF functionAND functionOR function For example, the first argument of the IF function is required to return a Boolean value as an answerargument That is to say the argument must always be a condition that is either TRUE or FALSE. If TRUE the function will perform one action.function If FALSE the function will perform a different action. Boolean Values and Other Excel's Functions Sometimes, Boolean values are represented by the numbers " 1 " and " 0 ", with TRUE equaling 1 and FALSE equaling

BOOLEAN VALUES Even though they can be read as numbers, many of Excel's functions, such as the SUM function, the MAX function and the MIN function, still ignore Boolean values.SUM functionMAX functionMIN function For example, the SUM function shown in the image above returns an answer of zero since it considers cells B1 to B4 to be blank. 117

CONDITIONAL FORMATTING  Excel's conditional formatting options allow you to apply different formatting options, such as background color, borders, or font formatting to data that meets certain conditions.  These pre-set options include finding numbers that are above or below the average value for the selected range of data. 118

CONDITIONAL FORMATTING These pre-set options include using a color scale to differentiate high, medium, and low values. 119

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