The African Peace Facility (APF) Historical background and context African Peace Facility 9th EDF African Peace Facility 10th EDF 1 st and 2 nd APF – comparative table Further information The African Peace Facility (APF) Historical background and context African Peace Facility 9th EDF African Peace Facility 10th EDF 1 st and 2 nd APF – comparative table Further information

1. Historical background and context –Transformation of the OAU into the AU (2002) –New approach: non-indifference –Development of the continental framework for peace and security –AMIS in Darfur-first major AU peace operation –Transformation of the OAU into the AU (2002) –New approach: non-indifference –Development of the continental framework for peace and security –AMIS in Darfur-first major AU peace operation

1. Historical background and context –Origins of the APF AU request to establish a Peace Support Operation Facility- Maputo Summit (July 2003) EU response: APF operational in May 2004 Legal basis: Art. 11 of the Cotonou Agreement Nexus security-development: “No development without security” –Origins of the APF AU request to establish a Peace Support Operation Facility- Maputo Summit (July 2003) EU response: APF operational in May 2004 Legal basis: Art. 11 of the Cotonou Agreement Nexus security-development: “No development without security”

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF –Objectives and scope Innovative instrument to support African peace and security agenda Scope- support to: –African-owned and led peace operations –Strengthening capacity of the relevant African organisations Principles: African ownership and solidarity, EU-Africa partnership Beneficiaries: AU and sub-regional organisations –Objectives and scope Innovative instrument to support African peace and security agenda Scope- support to: –African-owned and led peace operations –Strengthening capacity of the relevant African organisations Principles: African ownership and solidarity, EU-Africa partnership Beneficiaries: AU and sub-regional organisations

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF –Programming Initial allocation- € 250 M : –Peace support operations- € 200 M –Capacity Building – € 35 M –Contingencies, audit, evaluation and monitoring- €15M Three subsequent replenishments under the 9th EDF (total € 150 M) –Additional Voluntary Contributions of 8 EU Member States (Nearly € 40 M)- first example of cofinancing under the 9th EDF –By 2009 total APF allocation of €440M –Additionally, €7,7M Contribution from South Africa budget line –Programming Initial allocation- € 250 M : –Peace support operations- € 200 M –Capacity Building – € 35 M –Contingencies, audit, evaluation and monitoring- €15M Three subsequent replenishments under the 9th EDF (total € 150 M) –Additional Voluntary Contributions of 8 EU Member States (Nearly € 40 M)- first example of cofinancing under the 9th EDF –By 2009 total APF allocation of €440M –Additionally, €7,7M Contribution from South Africa budget line

Commitments APF (M€) 1st repl.€50m 2nd repl.€45m 3rd repl.€39.2m 4th repl.€55m 440

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF –Main actions supported Peace Support operations: –the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) - over €305M –the FOMUC/MICOPAX Mission in the Central African Republic ( CEMAC/ECCAS) – €53,2M –the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) – €35,5M –the African Union Missions in the Comoros (AMISEC+MAES) - €5M + €3,5M Main items funded: allowances for military/police observers, troop allowances, rations, insurance, medical support, fuel and technical assistance –Main actions supported Peace Support operations: –the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) - over €305M –the FOMUC/MICOPAX Mission in the Central African Republic ( CEMAC/ECCAS) – €53,2M –the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) – €35,5M –the African Union Missions in the Comoros (AMISEC+MAES) - €5M + €3,5M Main items funded: allowances for military/police observers, troop allowances, rations, insurance, medical support, fuel and technical assistance

Support to PSOs MICOPAX

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF –Main actions supported Evolution of payments: : fund-consuming PSOs –Main actions supported Evolution of payments: : fund-consuming PSOs

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF –Cases Missions in the Central African Republic: FOMUC/MICOPAX Missions in the Comoros: AMISEC, MAES –Cases Missions in the Central African Republic: FOMUC/MICOPAX Missions in the Comoros: AMISEC, MAES

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF –Capacity Building support Strengthening capacities of the African Union Commission AUC (€6M), African Standby Force (ASF) workshops (€988,552), Support to sub-regional organisations’ liaison officers to the AU, to early warning system and financial capacity of both SROs and AUC (€7,7M contribution to the APF from South Africa budget line), Support to planning capacities of the African Standby Force, to early warning systems and financial management at both sub- regional and continental levels (€20M). –Capacity Building support Strengthening capacities of the African Union Commission AUC (€6M), African Standby Force (ASF) workshops (€988,552), Support to sub-regional organisations’ liaison officers to the AU, to early warning system and financial capacity of both SROs and AUC (€7,7M contribution to the APF from South Africa budget line), Support to planning capacities of the African Standby Force, to early warning systems and financial management at both sub- regional and continental levels (€20M).

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF –Support to capacity building - examples Effort on institutional capacity, and links AU / SROs. 3 main CA committed under 9th FED 2004: 6M € prog.: Reinforcement of the AU continental role: PSC protocol and sec., AUPSOD experts (planning, PCRD, EWS,….) In 2008, 30% committed (11/ 40 experts recruited). 2006, M € prog. Reinforce links AU/ SROs, support build-up of APSA. Liaison offices for SROs in ADDIS Recruitment, Training, Equipment for EWS, Plan Elm, ASF. Implementation of a TA to kick-off the project, and setup a project management unit (PMU). Draft annual report: commitment ~= 20% –Support to capacity building - examples Effort on institutional capacity, and links AU / SROs. 3 main CA committed under 9th FED 2004: 6M € prog.: Reinforcement of the AU continental role: PSC protocol and sec., AUPSOD experts (planning, PCRD, EWS,….) In 2008, 30% committed (11/ 40 experts recruited). 2006, M € prog. Reinforce links AU/ SROs, support build-up of APSA. Liaison offices for SROs in ADDIS Recruitment, Training, Equipment for EWS, Plan Elm, ASF. Implementation of a TA to kick-off the project, and setup a project management unit (PMU). Draft annual report: commitment ~= 20%

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF –Implementation/delivery APF managed by HQ Joint management, Contribution Agreements with Beneficiairies TA: monitoring, reporting, training, advice Key issue: limited AU RECS capacity, including in financial / administrative matters –Implementation/delivery APF managed by HQ Joint management, Contribution Agreements with Beneficiairies TA: monitoring, reporting, training, advice Key issue: limited AU RECS capacity, including in financial / administrative matters

2. African Peace Facility 9th EDF –Additional Voluntary Contributions Background : AMIS – APF depleted EC organised call for additional contributions 8 Member States responded. In total 39M € Managed by EC. EDF procedures. Permanent feature under 10’EDF –Additional Voluntary Contributions Background : AMIS – APF depleted EC organised call for additional contributions 8 Member States responded. In total 39M € Managed by EC. EDF procedures. Permanent feature under 10’EDF

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –New context Africa-EU joint strategy –Principles –A jointly developed & shared long-term vision –A partnership between equals, moving away from the traditional donor – beneficiary relation –Political dialogue »on issues of common concern (eg. peace & security) »on key issues for development (eg. governance) »seeking joint responses to global challenges (eg. energy; climate change) »promoting a broad-based and wide-ranging people-centred partnership –The Strategy goes beyond: –development cooperation (eg. sciences) –institutions (eg. Non-State actors, civil society, private sector) –Africa (eg. international level: Poznan, UN) –Treating Africa as one (continent-to-continent approach) –EU test case for policy coherence, aid effectiveness, division of labour –New context Africa-EU joint strategy –Principles –A jointly developed & shared long-term vision –A partnership between equals, moving away from the traditional donor – beneficiary relation –Political dialogue »on issues of common concern (eg. peace & security) »on key issues for development (eg. governance) »seeking joint responses to global challenges (eg. energy; climate change) »promoting a broad-based and wide-ranging people-centred partnership –The Strategy goes beyond: –development cooperation (eg. sciences) –institutions (eg. Non-State actors, civil society, private sector) –Africa (eg. international level: Poznan, UN) –Treating Africa as one (continent-to-continent approach) –EU test case for policy coherence, aid effectiveness, division of labour

How does it relate to Cotonou? Institutional framework Treaty EC/Cotonou/ENP – ESDP – others EU/3 rd pilar Multiannual programming Policy coherence for development European Consensus Political Dialogue Africa-EU Strategic Partnership

Thematic Africa-EU partnerships 1.Peace & Security 2.Democratic Governance and Human Rights 3.Trade, Regional integration & Infrastructure 4.MDGs 5.Energy 6.Climate Change 7.Migration, Mobility & Employment 8.Science, Information Society & Space 1.Peace & Security 2.Democratic Governance and Human Rights 3.Trade, Regional integration & Infrastructure 4.MDGs 5.Energy 6.Climate Change 7.Migration, Mobility & Employment 8.Science, Information Society & Space

Summit Ministerial Troika(s) (MFA + ad hoc sectoral) Senior Officials (EU-Troika + AU extended Troika) Joint Experts Groups (JEGs) AUC, AU MS, RECs Joint report Annual progress review Political guidance Political dialogue, review, monitoring Expertise Institutional architecture with multiple actors every 3 years 2 x / year 8 JEGs, 1 per Partnership EU impl.team (EC,GSC,MS) Civil Society, Int’l. partners 8 EU ITs, 1 per Partnership EESC-ECOSOCC AU-EU civil society EP-PAP Inputs (implementation engine & coordination body)

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –New context Partnership on peace and security –Objectives: »Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace & security »Full operationalisation of the Africa P&S Architecture (APSA) »Predictable funding for Africa-led peace support operations –The African Peace Facility 10th EDF ( ) € 300M – major deliverable of the Partnership –New context Partnership on peace and security –Objectives: »Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace & security »Full operationalisation of the Africa P&S Architecture (APSA) »Predictable funding for Africa-led peace support operations –The African Peace Facility 10th EDF ( ) € 300M – major deliverable of the Partnership

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –New context Further development of APSA –Establishment of APSA structures at the continental and regional levels: »AU Peace and Security Council, »the Panel of the Wise, »the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) »the African Standby Force (ASF) –Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) - building blocks of the APSA –New context Further development of APSA –Establishment of APSA structures at the continental and regional levels: »AU Peace and Security Council, »the Panel of the Wise, »the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) »the African Standby Force (ASF) –Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) - building blocks of the APSA

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –Preparation of the APF 10th EDF In-depth consultation process with the African side- AU and RECs/RMs Based on the lessons learned and joint recommendations –Seminar in Djibouti, November 2007 –Joint Coordination Committee of February 2008 –Consultation process in the Council, adoption in December 2008 Fully integrated into the new context- Joint Strategy and Partnership on Peace and Security –Preparation of the APF 10th EDF In-depth consultation process with the African side- AU and RECs/RMs Based on the lessons learned and joint recommendations –Seminar in Djibouti, November 2007 –Joint Coordination Committee of February 2008 –Consultation process in the Council, adoption in December 2008 Fully integrated into the new context- Joint Strategy and Partnership on Peace and Security

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –Main orientations Financial muscle to support the Joint Partnership on Peace and Security Instrument to support all the three Priorities of the Partnership Enlarged scope to ensure an integrated approach Enhanced flexibility Co-financing as a permanent feature –Main orientations Financial muscle to support the Joint Partnership on Peace and Security Instrument to support all the three Priorities of the Partnership Enlarged scope to ensure an integrated approach Enhanced flexibility Co-financing as a permanent feature

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –Programming HeadingComponentAllocation (3 years) 1Operationalisation of APSA and Africa-EU dialogue € 65M 2Peace Support Operations€ 200M 3Early Response Mechanism€ 15M 4Audit, monitoring, evaluation, technical assistance, lessons learned and visibility € 7M 5Contingencies€ 13M Total€ 300M

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –Early Response Mechanism Innovative feature of the APF Flexible and immediately available funding for urgent needs: –Launch of an African-led mediation initiative –Preparation of a decision-making process and planning in view of an African led peace operation –Early Response Mechanism Innovative feature of the APF Flexible and immediately available funding for urgent needs: –Launch of an African-led mediation initiative –Preparation of a decision-making process and planning in view of an African led peace operation

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –Beneficiaries African Union African sub-regional organisations Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the African Peace and Security Architecture –Beneficiaries African Union African sub-regional organisations Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the African Peace and Security Architecture

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –Decision making process Two procedures: –standard procedure for non-urgent interventions –accelerated procedure for urgent interventions Choice of the procedure: COM proposal, "last word" for the Council Specific provisions for "small" operations (up to €10M) Specific feature: Decision by COM with consultation and political appropriateness decision by the Council –Decision making process Two procedures: –standard procedure for non-urgent interventions –accelerated procedure for urgent interventions Choice of the procedure: COM proposal, "last word" for the Council Specific provisions for "small" operations (up to €10M) Specific feature: Decision by COM with consultation and political appropriateness decision by the Council

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –Eligibility/ DAC-ability Eligible costs : Non-lethal. Everything except weapons, ammunition, military equipment, basic military salaries –Examples : Allowances, medical, transport, valions… –Consequence : complementary funding always required DAC’ability : –APF 9’th EDF : non DAC’able –APF 10’th EDF : Most activities non DAC’able - but scope broadened –Commission to prepare annual report –Eligibility/ DAC-ability Eligible costs : Non-lethal. Everything except weapons, ammunition, military equipment, basic military salaries –Examples : Allowances, medical, transport, valions… –Consequence : complementary funding always required DAC’ability : –APF 9’th EDF : non DAC’able –APF 10’th EDF : Most activities non DAC’able - but scope broadened –Commission to prepare annual report

3. African Peace Facility 10th EDF –Coherence Internally within EU/EC instruments and initiatives: EDF (RIPs, NIPs, intra-ACP), Instrument for Stability, ESDP/II pillar EC/EU and Member States Other partners (UN, US, Canada, …) –Coherence Internally within EU/EC instruments and initiatives: EDF (RIPs, NIPs, intra-ACP), Instrument for Stability, ESDP/II pillar EC/EU and Member States Other partners (UN, US, Canada, …)

Main features1 st APF (9th EDF)2 nd APF (10th EDF) scopeAfrican-led peace support operations and relevant capacity Conflict prevention, including mediation Peace support operations Post-conflict stabilization Operationalization of APSA Africa-EU dialogue on challenges to peace and security beneficiariesAU and sub-regional organisations in Africa Relevant institutions/national structures within or related to the African Peace and Security Architecture. allocationIn total nearly €440M for 4,5 years, including AVCs (almost €100M per year), €300M for three years, without AVCs (almost €100M per year), flexibilityDecision making process of around 2-3 months More flexible decision making process: introduction of an urgent procedure Elary Response Mechanism to be mobilised almost immediately co-financingAVCs- first case of co-financing under the 9th EDF AVCs to become a permanent feature of the IInd APF Open for contributions from other (non-EU) donors 1 st and 2 nd APF – comparative table

Further Information DEV: –Anna STRZASKA, Panafrican issues and institutions, Peace and Security unit : AIDCO: –Jens MOLLER, African Union and Peace Facility unit: DEV: –Anna STRZASKA, Panafrican issues and institutions, Peace and Security unit : AIDCO: –Jens MOLLER, African Union and Peace Facility unit: