Write 3 sentences about what this cartoon means.

Biotechnology The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products Or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use"

How did it start? We often think of biotechnology as a new area for exploration….. History actually dates back to 8000 B.C when the domestication of crops and livestock made it possible for civilizations to prosper.

4000 B.C. Ancient Egyptians made wine by fermentation understanding that this microbiological process occurs in the absence of oxygen. Created over 50 types of bread using the fermentation of dough. Raised geese and cattle to meet dietary needs.

3000 B.C. Peruvians selected and cultivated Potatoes This vegetable would last through the harsh mountain climate. Different growing techniques and crossbreeding they made the potato bigger and more rot resistant

1683 Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope. Starting off with the basic structures allowed the seeing of bacterial shapes – seeing cells

1861 Pasteurization is invented by Louis Pasteur Milk is heated above 145 degree F at least 30 minutes then quickly cooled – this destroys harmful bacteria

Corn genetically altered, What are your thoughts? Journal Corn genetically altered, What are your thoughts? 4 sentences

1865 Gregor Mendel begins study of Genetics he is the “father of Genetics” He used pea plants to discover color, shape, length and other genetic characteristics

1879 First hybrid corn William James Beal One corn plant made from two different parent plants created a new breed (now corn can be grown with insect repellant inside safe to eat – reduces amount of pesticides)

Penicillin Discovery Bacteria killing Mold 1928

1950 Barbara McClintock discovers “jumping genes” Found that through natural processes genes could be moved, taken out or even added Now Hybrid corn makes sense

1953 James Watson and Francis crick Uncover the structure of DNA Most Monumental discovery of the 20th century Found it worked as a double helix

Francis Crick James Watson

Francis crick James Watson

DNA

Our cells are told what to do by a very special molecule called DNA DNA is a record of instructions telling the cell what it's job is going to be It is written in a special alphabet that is only four letters long! it is a beautiful curved ladder. We call this shape a double helix. The letters of the DNA alphabet (called bases) make up the rungs, special sugars and other atoms make up the handrail.

Follow these instructions to see what the outcome: DNA must follow instructions provided by its protein make up Instructions 1. Lay the sheet of paper on your work surface so it is vertically oriented. 2. Fold the left edge of the paper over to meet the right edge. Crease the fold using a pencil. Unfold the paper 3. Fold the right half of the top edge down diagonally to meet the center crease. Repeat with the left half of the top edge. Crease each fold with the pencil. 4. Fold the top right and left edges down diagonally to meet the center crease again. Crease these folds with the pencil 5. Refold the paper along the center crease. Rotate the paper 90 degrees clockwise. 6. Fold the top layer of the top edge of the paper down to meet the bottom folded edge. Crease this fold with the pencil 7. Flip the paper over. Fold the top edge down to meet the folded edge. Crease the fold with the pencil.

A and T are best friends and always hang out together G and C are best friends and always hang out together These letters make up words that are always three letters long . These are called codons ATG CGT GGT CAG TCG ATA TAT GGC CCC These words make up sentences that the cell understands. These sentences are called genes. [ATG CGT GGT CAG] [TCG ATA TAT GGC CCC] Each sentence tells a cell to make a special molecule called a protein. These proteins control everything in a cell

How DNA Works http://www.statedclearly.com/what-is-dna/ While watching this clip: Answer What is DNA?

Strawberry DNA Extraction