2. DNA: Structure and History Honors Biology

3. DNA is a chemical!! Human Strawberries

4. Functions of DNA: -stores all your body’s information -Passes information from parents to offspring (heredity or hereditable characteristics)

5. DNA is made of smaller parts called: Nucleotides Nucleotides contain 3 parts:Nucleotides contain 3 parts: – –Phosphate – –Sugar – –Nitrogen Base

6. Things to Know: There are four types of nitrogen bases in DNA:There are four types of nitrogen bases in DNA: A- adenine T- thymine C- cytosine G- guanine

7. Things to Know: There are two sides to DNAThere are two sides to DNA Appears like a ladder:Appears like a ladder: –Sides are phosphate and sugar –Steps are the base pairs Base Pair Rule: A-T are complimentary C-G are complimentary

8. Can you see the ladder?

9. The DNA ladder is twisted This twist is called a “helix”

10. DNA is called the double helix because it is a two sided, twisted ladder.

11. History… 1952 – Rosalind Franklin used X-ray diffraction to show helical structure of DNA1952 – Rosalind Franklin used X-ray diffraction to show helical structure of DNA

12. The biggest event in DNA history… 1953 – James Watson and Francis Crick discover the 3-D structure of DNA1953 – James Watson and Francis Crick discover the 3-D structure of DNA

13. 1. All living things have DNA 2. The amount and sequence (or order) of ATGC makes us different from each other and other living things The Basics

14. 3. Small parts of the DNA that contain a specific instruction is known as a gene3. Small parts of the DNA that contain a specific instruction is known as a gene

15. 4. Genes in the DNA are the body’s directions for making proteins Proteins make us:Proteins make us: –look the way we do –function the way we do –develop and grow the way we do –behave the way we do –think the way we do

16. You and the person next to you have 99.9% the same DNA!!You and the person next to you have 99.9% the same DNA!! How is that possible? Discuss and Explain!!!

17. 5. Chromosomes are: 5. Chromosomes are: packaged DNApackaged DNA found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cellsfound in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells

18. 6. All species have a set number of chromosomes. Humans= 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) Fruit fly= 8 chromosomes Rice = 12 chromosomes Dog= 72 chromosomes Yeast= 32 chromosomes Goldfish= 100 chromosomes

19. Which of the following would correspond to DNA, genes and chromosomes? Alphabet Sentence Words