Note Cards By: Matthew Kornack

Numbers Science In Medieval Islam Muslims Inherited three systems of calculation the first employed a finger reckoning method, it expressed numerical operations in terms of specific position of the fingers. The second represented numbers by letter of the alphabet. The third made it possible to express any number by mean of nine figures and a symbol zero. P 45

Measure the Earth Most Ordinary people thought the earth was flat Science in early Islamic culture Most Ordinary people thought the earth was flat Some observers thought it was round Accounts of the attempts to measure earth were collected by Islamic scholars S 19

Measure the Earth Science in early Islamic culture Al-Ma’mun who was a Muslim ruler assigned a few scholars a major mission, they were to measure the size of earth The Scholars used one key aspect of math to help measure earth, trigonometry. When the scholars figured out the size of earth it turned out to be wrong. S 20

Geometry Science in Medieval Islam Muslim Geometry descended directly from the principles set forth by Euclid Muslims Utilized increasingly sophisticated geometry in surveying Also used geometry to design wheels, and other stuff like war machines S 46-47

Geometry Science in Medieval Islam Many Muslim mathematicians spent time proving Euclid's fifth postulate and in the 9th century it was understand that medieval Muslims defined what came to be called Euclidean geometry 47 P

Geometry Science In Medieval Islam In the 9th century Banu Musa and others investigated problems in constructing interrelated geometrical figures. Many character in geometry were studied such as the point, line, and space. P 46

Trigonometry Trigonometry deals with angle and triangles Science In early Islamic Culture Trigonometry deals with angle and triangles Al-Battani Became one of the leaders in Moslem Mathematics and one of the Most best astronomers. Surveyors and astronomers use trigonometry s 18

Trigonometry Science In early Islamic Culture Trigonometry is extremely important to surveyors and astronomers in their measurements of the space between objects on earth or in the skies. P 18

Islamic Contributions to Science Science in Early Islamic Culture Muslims discovered the principle of pendulum which was used to measure time Many Of Newton's laws derived from Islamic works Muslims were amazing chemists, as a result of this a lot of terms in chemistry are of Islamic origin.

Al-Khwarizmi Helped Lay the ground work for Algebra The Islamic Herald Helped Lay the ground work for Algebra Found methods to deal with complex problems such as square roots and fractions Was born in an area called Khwarizm Many of his books were translated into European languages S 17

Arabic Numerals Became popular in the 9th century to the moslem world Praised by Al-Khwarizmi Al called the Arabic math algebra Algebra in Arabic means restitution

Trigonometry Was a substantial Muslim creation Science In Medieval Islam Was a substantial Muslim creation Trigonometry replaced an ancient system called cords It made it much easier to solve complex problems connected with spherical triangles S 48

Al-Khwarizmi Science In Medieval Islam Al opened the door wide to the advanced mathematical procedures His algebra includes principles of square roots and other fundamental operations Has a clear demonstration of positional mathematics and examples of equations S 48

Significant Muslim Mathematicians Science In Medieval Islam Ibn al-Haytham was an astronomer and specialized in optics Abu Rayhan al-Biruni was a philosopher, historian and many other things Al-Khwarizmi was also an astronomer and geographer 48 S

“Arithmetic of daily life” Science in Medieval Islam This was essential in the calculation of taxes to the division of personal estates Muslims clarified the the fundamental mathematical principles to the public and it was to promote efficiency in all kinds of computation S 46