Astronomy and Space Science Chapter 1 Earth Moon Sun Review and Reinforce Lesson Quiz Answer Keys

Lesson 1 The Sky From Earth Review and Reinforce Worksheet 1. Sample: Some constellations’ names come from Latin words or Greek myths. Leo comes from the Latin word meaning “lion.” Pegasus is the name of a flying horse in a Greek myth. 2. a star chart 3. The apparent motion of objects in the sky depends on the motion of Earth. 4. e 6. a 8. f 10. d 5. c 7. g 9. b

Lesson 1 The Sky from Earth Quiz 1. D 3. B 5. orbit around the sun 7. different 9. apparent 2. B 4. D 6. helium 8. Saturn 10. Venus

Lesson 2 Earth In Space Review and Reinforce Worksheet 1. winter 2. At point A the sun would be directly overhead; at point B it would be on the horizon; at point C it would not be visible because it is night. 3. sunset; Earth rotates from west to east. 4. c 6. e 8. b 10. d 5. f 7. a 9. g

Lesson 2 Earth in Space Quiz 5. seasons 7. ellipse 9. calendar 2. B 4. D 6. rotation 8. year 10. autumnal (fall) equinox

Lesson 3 Gravity and Motion Review and Reinforce Worksheet 1. The force of gravity on an object is its weight. The greater the pull of gravity on an object, the greater the weight of that object. 2. Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that every object in the universe attracts every other object. The Earth exerts a gravitational force on the moon, pulling the moon toward it. The moon also exerts a gravitational force on Earth. 3. Sample: An object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by a force. A basketball will roll across the court until friction pulls it to a stop, it runs into another object, or a person stops it. 4. The force of gravity between two objects decreases rapidly as the distance between them increases. Conversely the force of gravity increases rapidly as this distance decreases. 5. push or pull 6. attraction of all objects toward each other 7. every object in the universe attracts every other object. 8. the amount of matter in an object 9. the force of gravity on an object 10. the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion 11. an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by a force.

Lesson 3 Gravity and Motion Quiz 3. universal 5. inward 7. gravity 9. masses 2. gravity 4. true 6. mass 8. inertia 10. weight

Lesson 4 Phases and Eclipses Review and Reinforce Worksheet 1. A: new moon B: waxing crescent C: first quarter D: full moon E: waning gibbous F: third quarter 2. eclipse 3. penumbra 4. umbra 5. phase 6. lunar 7. solar

Lesson 4 Phases and Eclipses Quiz 7. true 9. slightly tilted 2. B 4. C 6. rotates 8. relative 10. stays the same

Lesson 5 Tides Review and Reinforce Worksheet 1. At positions A and D, a spring tide will occur. At positions C and F, a neap tide will occur. 2. neap 3. tides 4. spring 5. gravity 6. spring tide

Lesson 5 Tides Quiz 1. C 3. B 5. least 7. full 9. heights 2. A 4. D 6. twice 8. kilometers 10. true

Lesson 6 Earth’s Moon Review and Reinforce Worksheet 1. The moon’s diameter is about one-fourth that of Earth. Its mass is much less than that of Earth, about one-eightieth. 2. Sample: When Earth was very young, a planet-sized object collided with it. Material from this collision was thrown into orbit around Earth. Eventually, the materials combined to form the moon. 3. Galileo Galilei 4. The moon has much larger variations in its surface temperature than Earth has. 5. highlands 6. Craters are pits on the moon’s surface that were caused by the impact of meteoroids. 7. Maria are flat, dark parts of the moon’s surface formed by lava flows billions of years ago. 8. Meteoroids are chunks of rock or dust from space.

Lesson 6 Earth’s Moon Quiz 1. C 3. D 5. dry 7. few 9. true 2. A 4. A 6. large 8. most 10. Earth’s