Mammals phylum-Chordata class-Mammalia Dan Meyers Bryce Wilson

Mammals live almost everywhere >most live on land >>forests>>deserts>>fields >>urban areas >some live in the sea They are very versatile >some can swim >some can fly

DIET >Mammals diets vary with time/seasons >Diet preferences/nutritional requirements vary DIFFERENT_DIETS>Omnivore >>Meat and Plants >Herbivore >>Plants only >Carnivore >>Meat only

DIET_ADAPTATIONS >Herbivores can survive on few different plants >Herbivores can digest what man cannot SPECIALIZED_DIET >Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves eucalyptus >3-toed sloth eats only the cecropia palmata (a mulberry like plant) cecropia palmata cecropia palmata

HIGH RATE >They can digest 10x as much food as reptiles of the same size SPECIALIZED TEETH >stronger jaw >canines for cutting >molars for grinding

SPECIALIZED_STOMACHS >Meat eaters >>shorter digestion, shorter intestines >Plant eaters >>longer digestion, long intestines ex.-cows have a four chambered stomach DIGESTION_EXPLAINED >Watch this video on digestion and nutrient exchange >Watch this video on digestion and nutrient exchange

LIVER >Blood circulates through liver and is cleaned KIDNEY >Blood gets cleaned again by kidney >maintains and restores important compounds BLADDER >Waste in form of urea moves to bladder >Waste is excreted from the body

SKELETONS>vertebrae >>spine allows side to side/vertical movement SHOULDER/PELVIC GIRDLES >The shoulder/pelvic girdles are the systems of bones in the pelvic and shoulder regions. >complex shoulder and pelvis allows more movement

RESPIRATORY_SYSTEM >Inhale >>diaphragm and muscles in chest expand lungs >Oxygen moves into blood through alveoli-CO2 leaves blood CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM >Oxygen rich blood circulates through body >>oxygen moves into muscles >CO2 leaves muscles and moves into blood >>CO2 rich blood moves to lungs and leaves body ADAPTATIONS >Mammals have adapted better developed diaphragms and alveoli

SIMILARITIES_TO_OTHER_MAMMALS >Medulla Oblongata >>controls breathing, heart, and unconscious systems >Cerebellum >>controls movement

DIFFERENCES_FROM_OTHER_ANIMALS>Eyes >>specialized for low light conditions >>specialized for light and color >Cerebral Cortex >>well developed for complex actions/thoughts

GENERAL >Sperm is dispersed in female reproductive tract >An egg is fertilized >>An embryo is created MONOTREMES >The cloaca is the reproductive organ cloaca >>Similar to reptiles >Eggs are laid >>Young develop in eggs >After born, they drink milk >>In Monotremes, milk come from pores in the skin

MARSUPIALS >Have very short gestation period >>Virginia Opossum… days >>Marsupial Cat…… days >>Silver Gray Opossum….16 days >Young are underdeveloped >>They move into mother’s pouch >>They continue to develop >Young drink milk from mother

PLACENTAL_MAMMALS >Most common >The embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus >Young are born fairly developed >After birth, they receive milk from the mother

Bats control mosquito population Shamu has been a great source of income Domestic animals >Pets >Food source

SIZE >Blue whale(biggest animal) >African elephant(biggest land animal). SPECIALIZED SKILLS >fly>swim>walkHAIR >they have external hair

THEY HAVE A HIGH METABOLIC RATE THEY HAVE A LAYER OF FAT BETWEEN THEIR SKIN AND MUSCLE THEY HAVE A MORE COMPLEX JAW >allows for specialized teeth >>canines for carnivores >>molars for herbivores

HEARING >three bones in inner ear-better hearing YOUNG >give birth to live young >nurse their young