1 Unit 11-Transport/Circulation How substances travel in the body

2 What is “Transport”? Definition: - the absorption and circulation of materials throughout an organism - includes moving salts, nutrients, water (blood acts as the bus) to cells

3 ABSORPTION Absorption: how materials enter/exit the cells of your body (soak up like a sponge) Materials enter/exit cell through cell membrane that is semi-permeable (only certain sized materials fit through it)

4 Two Types of ABSORPTION 1)Passive Transport- materials move from high concentration to low concentration without energy a) diffusion- materials move from high [C] to low [C] Ex. Food coloring in cup b) osmosis-water moving across membrane from high to low Ex. Cup O’ Noodle Soup

5 Diffusion Demo

6 OSMOSIS 1)Isotonic solution- water and cell have same concentration (equilibrium) 2)Hypotonic solution- higher concentration in cell than water (greater conc. in cell so water moves in) 3) Hypertonic solution- high concentration in water than cell (greater conc. outside cell so water moves out of cell)

7 OSMOSIS

8 Two Types of ABSORPTION 2) Active Transport - energy is used to move materials in or out the cell Ex. Pull food particles into cell - cell membrane becomes rigid and strong; uses energy to expand

9 CIRCULATION Definition: - flow of materials throughout an organism - typically refers to “blood” moving these materials around - blood is made in bone marrow (middle of bones)

10 Four Parts of Blood 1)Plasma - liquid part of blood - all materials float in the plasma - watery part of blood 2) Red blood cells - small in size; no nucleus - carry O 2 in its hemoglobin (iron-rich part of blood that holds oxygen)

11 Four Parts of Blood 3) White blood cells - large in size; have a nucleus - fight infection in the body 4) Platelets - smallest blood cells - clot to form scabs and stop bleeding

12 Blood Part Pictures RBC Plasma WBC Platelets

13 Blood Vessels (tubes that transport blood) 1)Arteries - carry blood away from heart; very thick; contain O 2 rich blood 2)Veins - carry blood to heart; very thin; contain O 2 poor blood 3)Capillaries - small in size; connect arteries and veins; site of material exchange by way of diffusion!

14 Blood Vessels *Remember! Your blood is NOT blue! The color blue is only used to show lack of oxygen!

15 The HEART Facts: # of chambers: 4 Top chambers called: atria Bottom chambers called: ventricles Divider between left and right side: septum Left side of heart: O 2 rich Right side of heart: O 2 poor

16 The Heart Part Vena Cava Right Atrium Right Ventricle Function Largest vein in body; carries O 2 poor blood to heart Receives low oxygen blood from vena cava Pushes low oxygen blood to the lungs

17 The Heart Part Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Left atrium Function Takes O 2 low blood away from heart to lungs Brings O 2 rich blood to the heart from lungs Receives O 2 rich from pulmonary vein

18 The Heart Part Left ventricle Aorta Valves Function Sends O 2 rich blood up to aorta Largest artery; carries O 2 blood out of heart to rest of body Regulate the flow of blood; prevents backflow of blood

19 Heart Diagram Vena Cava Right Ventricle Valve Right Atrium Aorta Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Left Ventricle Septum (from brain) (from lower body)

20 Disruptions of Homeostasis in the Circulatory System 1)High blood pressure (Hypertension)- increase in pressure of walls of arteries - affected by: diet, stress, genetics, smoking/drugs 2)Heart Attack- death of a portion of the heart muscle - caused by: diet, overexertion, drugs/smoking, stress

21 Disruptions of Homeostasis in the Circulatory System 3)Stroke- blood clot to the brain that blocks the flow of blood 4)Leukemia- form of cancer where too many WBC’s are made 5)Anemia- low red blood cells; low oxygen 6)Sickle-cell anemia- red blood cells are crescent shaped, blocking blood flow

22 Disruptions of Homeostasis in the Circulatory System 7)Artherioscoiosis- thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by fat buildup on the walls of the arteries; can lead to heart attack 8)AIDS- virus that invades, attacks, and destroys white blood cells so body can’t fight infection

23 Homeostasis Disruption Pictures Leukemia -notice all the white blood cells Sickle Cell Anemia -on the right, normal blood cell -on the left, sickle cell