Models of Health Promotion Model Approach Taxonomy Typology Theory Ideology Paradigm Construct Concepts Framework Plan Margaret Sills MSc Health Promotion / Health and Society

Margaret Sills MSc Health Promotion / Health and Society Taxonomy Categorical classification of elements into different species of groups Typology Dimensional classification with a continuously graded array of elements. Typological labels usually given to the extremes or polarities See Bunton & MacDonald 1992 Margaret Sills MSc Health Promotion / Health and Society

Margaret Sills MSc Health Promotion / Health and Society Theory Organised or integrated set of propositions – a theoretical system. Synonymous with explanatory system. Retains etymology of ‘composition’ and ‘speculation’ (same origin as spectator. Spectacle etc meaning viewpoint or perspective) See Bunton & MacDonald 1992 Margaret Sills MSc Health Promotion / Health and Society

Central to the discussion of models Ideology Study of ideas Central to the discussion of models Value systems that shape people’s perceptions of society, human nature, and the human condition Perceptions that generate commitment to a particular courses of action (or inaction) Ideology, therefore not only determines the model adopted but also whether any intervention to promote health is desirable, worthwhile or even ethical. Margaret Sills MSc Health Promotion / Health and Society

Uses and meanings of the word model Model as a distinct way of thinking about ‘the world’ Model as a type within a series Model as a means of display Model as an example from which to copy Model as a simplified representation of a more complex reality Model as a simplified representation of a more complex reality used deliberately to throw light on a problem Margaret Sills MSc Health Promotion / Health and Society s

Models of Health Promotion Empowerment Education Medical Behaviour change Radical organisational social Underpinned by e.g. Meaning of health Locus of control Nature of Knowledge Nature of Society Margaret Sills

Margaret Sills Paradigms Adapted from Caplan & Holland 1990 Radical change Nature of Society RADICAL STRUCTURALIST Health reflects structural inequalities Need to challenge inequity and radically transform society RADICAL HUMANIST Holistic view of health De-professionalisation Nature of Knowledge Subjective Objective TRADITIONAL Health + absence of disease Aims to change behaviour Expert-led HUMANIST Holistic view of health Aims to improve understanding & development of self Client-led Social regulation Margaret Sills Paradigms Adapted from Caplan & Holland 1990

Margaret Sills Typology adapted from French 1990 DISEASE MANAGEMENT Curative services Management Services Caring services DISEASE PREVENTION Preventative services Medical services Behaviour change HEALTH EDUCATION Agenda setting Empowerment and support Information flow POLITICS OF HEALTH Social action Policy development Economic and fiscal policy Margaret Sills Typology adapted from French 1990

Margaret Sills Strategies Beattie 1991 Mode of intervention Authoritative HEALTH PERSUASION LEGISLATIVE ACTION Individual Collective Focus of intervention COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PERSONAL COUNSELLING Negotiated Margaret Sills Strategies Beattie 1991