Nervous System. Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns.

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Presentation transcript:

Nervous System

Some Interesting Facts 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain. 3,000 years one cell/second 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns wide 85,000,000,000 neurons = 850 km If you use a basketball (diameter = ~24 cm) as the cell body, then your axon would have to be 240,000 cm (2.4 kilometers) in length!

► A baby's brain is a mystery. ► The mystery begins in the womb -- only four weeks into gestation the first brain cells, the neurons, are already forming at an astonishing rate: 250,000 every minute. ► Billions of neurons will form links with billions of other neurons and eventually there will be trillions and trillions of connections between cells. ► Every cell is precisely in its place, every link between neurons carefully organized. Nothing is random, nothing by chance.

CNS Development

Functions of the Nervous System 1. Sensory input  changes = stimuli 2. Integration  processing 3. Motor output  response to stimuli (The response activates muscles or glands)

Neuron Slide 7.10  Extensions outside the cell body  Dendrites – toward the cell body  Axons – away from the cell body Figure 7.4a

Neurons

Figure 12.2b Glial Cells

Anatomy of the Nervous System Slide 7.2  Central nervous system (CNS)  Brain  Spinal cord  Peripheral nervous system (PNS)  Nerve outside the brain and spinal cord

Central nervous system (CNS) – Brain – Spinal cord CNS is protected by Bone Meninges CSF

Bone

Meninges

CSF

Spinal cord

CSF ? LP?

Structure of spinal cord Roots dorsal, ventral Horns anterior, posterior, lateral Columns anterior, posterior, lateral

Dorsal Ventral White Matter Gray Matter Central Canal Spinal Cord

Gray Matter Dorsal Lateral Ventral Horns

v v

Root dorsal, ventral Nerve Ramus/Brunch anterior, posterior

Dorsal Ventral White Matter Spinal Cord Spinal Cord White Matter

Ascending (Sensory) Figure 16.1 touch & conscious proprioception pain & temperature unconscious proprioception

Descending (motor) Muscle movement Muscle balance

Brain