Discovery and Colonialism in North America

Early Colonization efforts in North America While Spanish and Portuguese colonization in Latin America flourish, North America proves more difficult to colonize While Spanish and Portuguese colonization in Latin America flourish, North America proves more difficult to colonize St. Augustine (1565) is the only successful European colony in North America in the 16 th Century. St. Augustine (1565) is the only successful European colony in North America in the 16 th Century.

Early French Struggles 1534, French Explorer Jacques Cartier identifies the St. Lawrence River as one of North America’s primary avenues of entry. 1534, French Explorer Jacques Cartier identifies the St. Lawrence River as one of North America’s primary avenues of entry. 1541, First French colony on the St. Lawrence River Valley fails. 1541, First French colony on the St. Lawrence River Valley fails. 1564, French Huguenots briefly established a base in South Carolina and later Jacksonville, Florida. Destroyed by the Spanish 1564, French Huguenots briefly established a base in South Carolina and later Jacksonville, Florida. Destroyed by the Spanish

Early English Struggles 1584 – 1587, Roanoke Island (Lost Colony) – 1587, Roanoke Island (Lost Colony). 1578, Newfoundland. 1578, Newfoundland. Why? Why? Unprepared for the Winter, lack of food and clothing Unprepared for the Winter, lack of food and clothing Problems with Indians Problems with Indians Self-Financed, no crown help Self-Financed, no crown help Conflict with Spain Conflict with Spain

England Emerges 1588, England led by Sir Francis Drake, defeats the invading Spanish Armada. 1588, England led by Sir Francis Drake, defeats the invading Spanish Armada. The balance of power in Europe shifts from Spain the England now that England has dominance of the seas. The balance of power in Europe shifts from Spain the England now that England has dominance of the seas. England can now begin its colonial efforts in the New World. England can now begin its colonial efforts in the New World.

English Goals England’s goals in the New World: England’s goals in the New World: Plant strategic bases against other European nations (France, Spain) Plant strategic bases against other European nations (France, Spain) Find the rumored North West passage to Asia Find the rumored North West passage to Asia Transplant unemployed Brits to New World to harvest raw materials Transplant unemployed Brits to New World to harvest raw materials Religious Freedom Religious Freedom

England begins to Colonize 1606, James I grants charters to overlapping parcels of land to two separate joint stock companies. 1606, James I grants charters to overlapping parcels of land to two separate joint stock companies. Despite early struggles Jamestown emerges as a successful colony Despite early struggles Jamestown emerges as a successful colony Tobacco became a valuable export for the colony Tobacco became a valuable export for the colony