AKS 33: The Byzantine Empire

AKS 33a - Analyze the relationship b/w the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire Must start with Constantine – He won control of the Eastern Roman Empire. Then he moved the capital from Rome to a Greek trading port known as Byzantium. Renamed it Constantinople. Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire. After . . .

AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center.

CONSTANTINOPLE {AKA BYZANTIUM} ROME AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center. CONSTANTINOPLE {AKA BYZANTIUM} ROME

AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center. Strategically located on the Bosporus Strait. It was a THRIVING trading port. Constantinople became known as the “Golden Horn”. AKS 33c – Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire. Theodosius declared Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire.

AKS 33b - Describe the significance of: ~ Justinian's law code ~ Empress Theodora and the role of women ~ Byzantine art and architecture Before we can talk about “Justinian’s law code”. . . . We have to know who Justinian was.

Emperor Justinian. . . I am Justinian: I was the Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire {AKA the Byzantine Empire} from 527-565. I had 3 VERY ambitious goals: 1. Reconquer Roman lands to the west. 2. Simplify Roman laws. 3. Start a massive building project to glorify Constantinople.

Justinian’s 1st Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Reconquer Lands to the West In order to complete my first AMBITIOUS goal. . . . I sent my best general, Belisarius, to gain the lands in the west back. Of course he was successful. . . Since he gained back the land in the Western Roman Empire, I became the Emperor of the ENTIRE Roman Empire.

Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman Laws Romans had a TON of laws. . . . So I decided to gather up a group of scholars and simplify them. We came up with a “Code” that consisted of four works. . . . We named it “Justinian’s Code” ~ VOCAB WORD ~ Code - A code is a general system of laws, and it stems from the Latin word codex, meaning "book."

Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman Laws Here’s what we came up with. . . My code lasted for over 900 years!!!! ~ JUSTINIAN’S CODE - 1. The Code: contained the 5,000 Roman laws that they felt were still useful. 2. The Digest: summarize and quoted Rome’s greatest legal thinkers of law. 3. The Institutes: A textbook that taught law students how to use the laws. 4. The Novellae (New Laws): New laws.

Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman Laws Justinian’s 3rd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Massive building program I decided to start the most massive building program the Roman World had EVER seen. . . . My biggest passion was building CHURCHES. I viewed churches as the most visible sign of the close connection between church and state in my empire. After the Hagia Sophia was destoyed – for the 2nd time - during a riot, I had it rebuilt, it was my crowing achievement. . .

{The Church of Holy Wisdom} The Hagia Sophia {The Church of Holy Wisdom}

This is where the Emperors would go to worship privately. The Imperial Lounge: This is where the Emperors would go to worship privately.

This is the Virgin Mary with Baby Jesus. Beautiful Mosaics: This is the Virgin Mary with Baby Jesus. Justinian is on the left & Constantine is on the right.

Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman Laws Justinian’s 3rd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Massive building program I also built baths, aqueducts, law courts, schools, and hospitals. By the time I was finished, my city teemed with an almost visible excitement.     I’m proud that we preserved the Greco-Roman culture.

Byzantine Family Life Byzantine families valued education—specifically classical learning. Basic courses for Byzantine students focused on Greek and Latin grammar, and philosophy. The classics of Greek and Roman literature served as textbooks. The modern world owes Byzantine scholars a huge debt for preserving many of the great works of Greece and Rome.

AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women Improved women’s lives in the Byzantine Empire. . . .

AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women First of all, I was born into deep poverty. My father was a bear trainer for the Blue Gang of the Hippodrome. My mother was a dancer/actress. I became a well-known comedian and mimic. I met Emperor Justinian when he came to one of my shows. . . .We were married in 525 A.D. Justinian & I had an equal relationship. He valued my opinion and even allowed me to share power with him.

AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women I wanted equal rights for men and women. I made advances for women in divorce, property, guardianship rights over children, death penalty for rape, all of which raised women’s status far above the status quo. I died of cancer in 548 A.D. After my death, Justinian didn’t pass any other laws. . . He was too heartbroken.

Schism – An official split within an organization. AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism ~ VOCAB WORD ~ Schism – An official split within an organization.

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism The Christian Church started to look different in the East than it did the West. . . . Eastern Christianity built its heritage on the works of early Church fathers. Example - Saint Basil

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism My name is Saint Basil Around 357, I wrote rules for the life of monks.

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism My name is Saint John Chrysostom. I was the bishop of Constantinople from 398 to 404, that made me the patriarch, or leading bishop of the Eastern Roman Empire. Even I bowed to the emperor.

Icons: religious images used by Eastern Christians to aid devotions. AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism My name is Emperor Leo III. In 730 a.d. I banned the use of icons. I viewed the use of icons as idol worship. This is going to start a MAJOR conflict between the East & the West. ~ VOCAB WORD ~ Icons: religious images used by Eastern Christians to aid devotions.

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism People in the East responded with riots, and the clergy rebelled. In the West, the pope supported the use of icons.

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism In 1054: The pope (in the west) & the patriarch (in the east) excommunicated each other in a dispute over religious doctrine. I’m the Pope!!! I don’t agree with you, so I’m excommunicating you!!!! I’m the Patriarch!!! I don’t agree with YOU, so I’m excommunicating you!!!!

AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism The Christian Church officially split: The Roman Catholic Church in the West The Eastern Orthodox Church in the East. THIS WAS KNOWN AS THE GREAT EAST-WEST SCHISM!

The Roman Catholic Church Services in Latin. Pope has authority over all other bishops. Pope claims authority over all kings & emperors Priests may not marry. Divorce is not permitted.

The Eastern Orthodox Church Services are in Greek. Patriarch works with other bishops as a group. Emperor claims authority over the patriarch of the empire. Priest may be married. Divorce is allowed under certain conditions.

Similarities of the two: They base their faith on the gospel of Jesus & the Bible. They use sacraments such as baptism. Their religious leaders are priests and bishops. They seek to convert people.