Las comparaciones y los superlativos Español II

Los superlativos

Superlatives are used to state the idea of very, super, or extremely Los superlativos Superlatives are used to state the idea of very, super, or extremely

Los superlativos To form a superlative: If the adjective ends in a vowel: take off the last vowel and add ísimo Bueno → buen → buenísimo If the adjective ends in a consonant: add the ísimo right to the end of the word Trabajador → trabajadorísimo Make sure the adjective agrees with the noun Dora era gordísima y sus hermanas eran delgadísimas.

Los superlativos There are three types of irregulars/spelling changes Adjectives ending in C → QU Rico → riquísimo Adjectives ending in G → GU Largo → larguísimo Adjectives ending in Z → C Feliz → felicísmo

Los comparativos de desigualdad

Comparative Adjectives We compare adjectives when two or more nouns have the same quality (height, size, color, any characteristic) and we want to indicate that one of these nouns has a greater, lesser, or equal degree of this quality. Example: Mr. Miga is smart but the class is smarter. In English and Spanish, there are two types of comparisons: comparatives and superlatives.

Comparative Adjectives (English) The comparative is used to compare one noun to another noun. You can do this in three ways: Greater →“greater degree (more)” (1 way to form in English) Mr. Miga is smarter than the class. The class is more intelligent than Mr. Miga. Lesser → “lesser degree (less)” (2 ways to form in English) Mr. Miga is less intelligent than the class. Mr. Miga is not as smart as the class. To be discussed later… mwa ha ha!

Comparative Adjectives (Español) There are also the same three ways to compare in Spanish as in English. But, there are a couple things to remember: Adjectives must always agree with the noun they are describing Comparative adjectives always describe more than one noun Nevertheless, the adjective you will use in your comparison always agrees in gender and number with the first noun.

Comparative Adjectives (Español) más más Greater→ “more than” Lesser → “less than” que que que más AGREEMENT subject adjective que AGREEMENT menos subject adjective

Comparative Adjectives (Español) Irregulars better mejor que worse peor que older mayor que younger menor que

Comparative Adjectives (Español) ¡Pruébalo! Mr. Miga is more curious than a Smurf. Mr. Miga es … Smurf. more than → más (adjective) que.. Curious → curioso Which subject must our adjective agree with? Mr. Miga → curious Curioso Mr. Miga es más curioso que un Pitufo.

Comparative Adjectives (Español) ¡Pruébalo! The boys are more obedient than a dog. Los chicos son más obedientes que un perro. We are better than Mrs. Mitchell’s class. (Nosotros) Somos mejores que la clase de Sra. Mitchell. You are less selfish than Brad Pitt. (Tú) Eres menos egoísta que Brad Pitt. She is older than Elmo. Ella es mayor que Elmo. You girls are less quiet than me. Vosotras sois menos calladas que yo.

Los comparativos de igualdad

Equal comparisons In English and Spanish, remember there are three types of comparatives: Greater than to be + -er more than Less than not as ... as less than

Equal comparisons Equality (equal to) as … as These can be comparisons of adjectives or things. Examples: Mr. Miga is as smart as a dog. (adjective) The class has as many students as desks. (things)

Equal comparisons Remember when we do adjectives in Spanish… Adjective must agree in gender and number In comparatives, the adjective must agree with the first noun of the sentence

Equal comparisons tan más que subject adjective 1. If you are comparing adjectives or adverbs… que tan como AGREEMENT subject adjective

Equal comparisons Ejemplo: The movie is as interesting as the book. Start with what we know: La película es … el libro. What part of speech is interesting? Adjective Adjective → tan como What does interesting agree with? La película Interesante La película es tan interesante como el libro.

Equal comparisons más que noun como 2. If you are comparing nouns… tanto tanta tantos tantas noun como

Equal comparisons Ejemplo: The class has as many boys as girls. Start with what we know: La clases tiene … chicos … chicas. What parts of speech are boys and girls? nouns Nouns → tanto/a/os/as como What does tanto agree with? los chicos tantos La clase tiene tantos chicos como chicas.

Equal comparisons ¡Pruébalo! Delgado What does delgado mean? Skinny What part of speech is skinny? Adjective What formula will we use? Adjective → tan como

Equal comparisons ¡Pruébalo! Delgado Put the sentence together. What will delgado agree with? Carlota Carlota → delgada Put the sentence together. Carlota es tan delgada como Luis.

Equal comparisons Amigos Popular Inteligente Clases Actividades Carlota tiene tantos amigos como Luis. Popular Carlota es tan popular como Luis. Inteligente Carlota es tan inteligente como Luis. Clases Carlota tiene tantas clases como Luis. Actividades Carlota tiene tantas actividades como Luis.