Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels SECURITY STATISTICS AND INFORMATION FOR TARGETING POOR AND HUNGRY POPULATIONS AT SUB-NATIONAL LEVELS Philippines A Gender Analysis on Food Security Statistics by Specific Population Groups in the Philippine 2003 FIES

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels Outline About the paper Background Sources & Methodology Food Security Statistics Relating to Gender Conclusion & Remarks

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels Purpose Provides analysis of gender dynamics relating to food insecurity based on food security statistics derived from the 2003 FIES Inputs for planning geared toward gender equality, equity and female empowerment within a framework of national development Important to understand gender dynamics of food security in developing countries in Asia-Pacific region (given trends of increasing female headship—and management—of rural agricultural households)

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels BACKGROUND Developing countries in Asia-Pacific region still face considerable challenges to reduce poverty & food insecurity, to improve human development, and to meet Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and World Food Summit (WFS) targets. IndicatorRankSource HDI84 th out of 177UNDP 2006 Proportion of population undernourished 19%FAO 2006 GDI66 th out of 136UNDP 2006

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY Family Income & Expenditure Survey (FIES) Conducted by Philippine NSO every 3 years 70 page questionnaire; 16 pages on food consumption 2003 FIES collected data items from 42,094 families; representative at national level & for 17 administrative regions Collects data items at two interval points Survey PeriodReference Period July 2003January to June 2003 January 2004July to December 2003

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY FAO Food Security Statistics Module (FSSM): Converts food consumption in quantities to dietary energy consumption (DEC) based on data from ASEAN Food Composition Table Estimates minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER) for different population groups using age and sex population structures in NSO-LFS and data on heights collected from FNRI 2003 NNS

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Male-HeadedFemale-headed Higher proportion of male in all age group Lower proportion of male family members in age group 15 to 19, to 70-above Biggest share of male family heads in age group 45-60: (32%) Lowest share of male family heads in age group 60 & over: (14%) Biggest share of female family heads in age group 60 & over: (37%) Lowest share of male family heads in age group less than 35: (12%) Findings on Age and sex structure & proportion of families

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels MaleFemale 67.2 years72.5 years Presence of elder males & females common in the Philippines  Close family ties  Grandfather & grandmother included as dependents FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Findings on Age and sex structure & proportion of families Life Expectancy

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Findings on Hunger. Food deprivation proportions are higher for male- headed households than for female-headed households Prevalence of food deprivation in various population group

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Findings on Hunger. Food deprivation proportions are higher for male- headed households in all regions. Luzon 3 reported widest gap on food deprivation, with male food deprivation higher by 15%

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER : Findings on Poverty Although female-headed families were reporting higher food costs, male –headed families still have higher food deprivation. Cost of balanced MDER MaleFemale P 11.86P 12.43

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER : Findings on Poverty: Critical food poverty by age of the family head showed that young male-headed families were more critically food poor than young female- headed families.

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Findings on Poverty. Critical food poverty was higher for male than female-headed families in all regions.

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Findings on food consumption and expenditure: Dietary energy consumption and dietary energy prices. Filipino female headed families consumed and spent more on food; higher dietary energy prices compared to male- headed families Higher prevalence of food deprivation among male-headed families mainly linked to low food consumption

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Findings on food consumption and expenditure. Dietary energy consumption

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Findings on food consumption and expenditure. Food consumption for male-headed families particularly low in Mindanao regions where food deprivation rates were critically high.

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER : Findings on share of food consumption by food source. Both female- and male-headed families purchased high proportion of food consumed. Most vulnerable groups are those who purchased higher share of food consumed; more affected from price variation. Both types of families had large share of food consumed received as gifts from other sources.

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Findings on Diet Diversity and on Dietary Unit Energy Cost: - Both family groups with balanced protein & carbohydrates - Fats: for male-headed families less than low level recommended

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS RELATING TO GENDER: Findings on share of food in total consumption Filipino female-headed families spent on average larger share of their total consumption on food; less money left for buying other goods than food. Female-headed families in better position than male-headed families that had less money to buy any kind of goods, including food. Findings on Inequality in access to food CV of food dietary energy consumption was 29.4 percent for both female and male-headed families; indicates no difference between men and women in inequality in access to food.

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels CONCLUSION AND REMARKS At national level, poor situation of food deprivation for male- headed families compared to female-headed families. Pattern also confirmed with findings on critical food poverty; male-headed families had rates three times higher than female-headed families. Lower income (or proxy total consumption expenditure) of pesos/person/day in male-headed families compared to pesos/person/ day in female-headed families may explain male-headed families’ condition; male family heads may be only source of income for larger families.

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels CONCLUSION AND REMARKS At regional level, regions with high food deprivation & critical food poverty were rural regions with agriculture as main activity; important to analyze gender dynamics into urban-rural areas, may provide important details to food insecurity analysis. Food, for female-headed families is major investment; women more knowledgeable about it than men. Mechanisms such as micro credit could improve financial status and increase community cohesion; positive effects on reducing food deprivation and critical food poverty especially in disadvantaged groups & areas where agriculture is major activity.

Statistics Division Beijing, China 25 October, 2007 EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme Side Event Food Security Statistics and Information for Targeting Poor and Hungry Populations at Sub-national Levels THANK YOU Maraming Salamat