Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Chapter 16 “If the United States wants to save a lot of oil and money and increase national security, there are two simple ways to do it: Stop driving Petropigs and stop living in energy sieves..” Amory B. Lovins

Key Concepts Improving energy efficiency Types and uses of solar energy Types and uses of flowing water Uses of wind energy Types and uses of biomass Use of hydrogen as a fuel Use of geothermal energy Decentralized power systems

The Importance of Improving Energy Efficiency Net useful energy Life cycle cost Least Efficient Incandescent lights Internal combustion engine Nuclear power plants

Efficiencies (fig 16-4 p. 382)

Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency Insulation Elimination of air leaks Air to air heat exchangers Cogeneration Efficient electric motors High-efficiency lighting Increasing fuel economy

Electric and Hybrid Cars Rechargeable battery systems Hybrid electric-internal combustion engine Fuel cells Fig p. 365

Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity Passive solar heating Active solar heating Fig pg 394

Solar thermal systems Photovoltaic (PV) cells Using Solar Energy to Provide High- Temperature Heat and Electricity Fig p. 398

Producing Electricity from Moving Water Large-scale hydropower Small-scale hydropower Pumped-storage hydropower Tidal power plant Wave power plant

Producing Electricity from Heat Stored in Water Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) Saline solar ponds Freshwater solar ponds

Producing Electricity from Wind Fig pg 402

Producing Energy from Biomass Fig , p 404 Biofuels Biomass plantations Crop residues Animal manure Biogas Ethanol Methanol

The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution Extracting hydrogen efficiently Storing hydrogen Fuel cells Fig , p 355 Fig p. 386

Geothermal Energy Geothermal reservoirs Dry Steam Wet Steam Hot water Molten rock Hot dry-rock zones Fig , p 409

Geothermal Reservoirs Fig p. 410

Entering the Age of Decentralized Micropower Centralized power systems Decentralized power systems Micropower systems Fig p. 411 Fig p. 411

Solutions: A Sustainable Energy Strategy Fig , p 414