The Immune System How you prevent infection and illness!

Protection 1 _______– 1 st line of defense Secretions – mucus, sweat, oil, saliva, etc. –Lysozyme  enzyme that breaks down cell walls Inflammation – why? (redness,swelling, pain, heat) skin Histamine released into area – chemical causing dilation of blood vessels to get phagocytes there to “eat” invaders (increase of blood and fluid causes swelling and pain)

Protection 2 White blood cells (____________) –Macrophages, among others… –They “eat” foreign invaders –Have lysozyme enzyme inside to digest and Put antigens from Invaders on their Own surface Phagocytes

Lymphatic system Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, thymus gland, appendix Lymph node – contains lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells) -Filters pathogens -Armpits,neck, intestines…. -get big when infection present Type of white blood cell that defends the body

Antibody Immunity Antigen – foreign invaders have proteins on their surface for recognition –When an antigen is present, body produces ___________ in response, that are specific (complementary) to that antigen (shape matches!) –B-cells make antibodies antibodies

Immunity Cont… Antibody response 1.Helper T-cell interacts with everyone else and tell them what to do 1.Tell B-cells to produce antiBodies in the blood (Up to 2000 antibody molecules per second! 1.Tell Memory B-cells get prepared and wait….for future infection Enables a much faster response if antigen encountered again. 4. Tell killer T-cells to inject enzymes into invaders (pathogens) to break them apart (lyse)

Killer T-cell – specific for a single antigen Insert enzymes directly into pathogen causing it to lyse and die

So Mrs. Workman, How do vaccines WORK? Vaccines (Active immunity)– 1.Insert viral protein coat without genetic information-CANNOT make you sick 2.Body can already form memory B-cells without ever being sick 3. Prepares immune system for future Attacks, gives time to build up defense

Vaccines make it so we can start at arrow for A antigen

Antibiotics Chemicals produced by other organisms (like other bacteria or fungi) that kill/inhibit bacterial growth (not viruses!) Eg. Penicillin, Ampicillin…. Harms/prevents formation of bacterial cell wall (makes holes) – causes water to flow in [from high to low concentration, remember?] and kills bacterium.