States of Matter

3-1 Solids, liquids and gases Materials can be classified as ________, ________, or_______based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable

Solids _______ is the state of matter in which materials have a definite_____ and a definite _______ ________ = the shape and volume will not change ( ex: a pencil) Particles in a solid are packed _________together.

Liquids ___________ is the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but _______ a definite shape Ex: juices in different shaped bottles Particles are_______ together but have a little room to move

Gases _______ is the state of matter in which material has _______ a definite shape______ a definite volume Gas takes the shape and volume of its________

Kinetic Theory ________ energy is the energy an object has due to its motion The _______ an object moves, the greater the kinetic energy The kinetic theory of matter says that all particles of matter are in ___________motion

Explaining the Behavior of Gases The particles in a _____ are never at rest. There are ______ of_________ among the particles in all matter Particles in a gas are moving fast and the attractions are too______ to have an effect

Kinetic Theory of Gases The constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to _______ a container of any shape or size Ex: _______in a _____

Three Key Points to Kinetic Theory of gases 1.Particles in a gas are in_________,_______ ________ 2.The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other particles unless the particles __________ 3.________ of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions

Explaining the Behavior of Liquids A ______ takes the shape of its container because particles in a liquid can flow to______ locations. The _______ of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles close together. _________ in a liquid are more closely packed than gases

Explaining the Behavior of Solids _________ have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around ______ locations __________ is a repetitive back and forth motion _________ attractions among atoms restrict their motion.

Teacher Demo Which container has the largest volume of water?

Beaker Breaker Partner Activity 1.Explain how the behavior of popcorn in a popcorn popper can be used as an analogy for the motion of gas particles

Beaker Breaker Activity A hazardous chemical is leaking from a tank truck. Rescue workers need to evacuate people who live near the accident. Why are more people likely to be affected if the chemical is a gas, rather than a liquid?

Beaker Breaker 1.Explain why a solid has a definite shape and volume 2.How is a gas able to fill a container of any size or shape?

3-2 The Gas Laws ___________is the result of the force distributed over an area. Ex: A puck hitting glass ____________ between particles of a gas and the walls of the container cause the pressure in a closed container of gas. The more frequent the collisions, the _________ the pressure of the gas.

Factors that Affect Gas Pressure Factors that affect the pressure of an enclosed gas are its __________ ___________

Temperature Raising the temperature of a gas will increase its pressure if the volume of the gas and the number of particles are constant _______ and__________ increase _____________and_____________ are constant Ex. Tires after driving

Volume Reducing the__________ of a gas increases its _________ if the temperature of the gas and the number of particles are ________ ________decrease/_________ increase Temp and number of particles are ________

Number of Particles Increasing the_______________will increase the pressure of a gas if the temperature and volume are constant Increase ___________/increase_______ _________and_________ are constant Ex Tire will burst

Charles’s law States that the volume of a gas is____________ proportional to its temperature in Kelvins if the pressure and the number of particles is of the gas are constant. V 1 = V 2 T 1 T 2

Boyle’s Law Boyle’s law states that the volume of a gas is____________proportional to its pressure if the temperature and the number of particles are constant P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2

Combined Gas Law The relationship described by_______ Law and_________ Law can be described by a single law called the combined gas law. P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 T 2

Math Problems Practice Page 80 number 1, 2 and 3

Beaker Breaker 2 liters of hydrogen gas are stored at a pressure of 100kPa. If the temperature does not change, what will the volume of the gas be when the pressure is decreased to 25kPa? Show your work by using the gas laws we learned yesterday

Beaker Breaker 1.Name two of the common phase changes. 2.The temperature of a substance does _______change during a phase change

3-3 Phase Changes A _____________ is the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from_______ state of matter to_______

6 common phase changes 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________

Temperature and Phase changes The temperature of a substance does _______change during a phase change

Energy and Phase Changes Energy is either_______ or ________ during a phase change During an _______________, the system absorbs energy from its surroundings. ______________is the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a _________to a ________ During an ______________, the system releases energy to its surroundings

Melting and Freezing The arrangement of molecules in water becomes_______ orderly as water melts and _______ orderly as water freezes _________ is completed when all the molecules have enough energy to move. _________ is completed when all the molecules have been drawn into an orderly arrangement.

Vaporization and Condensation The______________ in which a substance change from a _____ to a_______ is vaporization The__________________is the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a liquid to a gas.

Evaporation __________ takes place at the surface of a liquid and occurs at temperatures below the boiling point __________ is the pressure caused by the collisions of this vapor and the walls of the container. When the vapor pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure, water _______

Condensation ___________ is the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid Ex: dew on grass

Sublimation and Deposition ______________ is the phase change in which the substance changes from a solid to a gas Ex :Dry Ice When a gas or vapor changes________ into a solid without first changing to a liquid is called____________ Ex: _________ on windows