The Carbon Cycle. Carbon Dioxide and Carbonate system Why is it important? 1. CO 2 regulates temperature of the planet 2. Important for life in the ocean.

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Presentation transcript:

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon Dioxide and Carbonate system Why is it important? 1. CO 2 regulates temperature of the planet 2. Important for life in the ocean 3. Regulates the pH of water

100 ppm

TEMPERATURE CO 2 1-6°C

CO 2 Temperature 80 ppm Glacial-interglacial CO 2 and temperature change

CO 2 changes in the last 300 yr 100 ppm Industrial Revolution

CO 2 changes in the last 50 yr: the Keeling curve Oceans Biosphere Rock Weathering

How much CO 2 can you sink in the ocean? Process that control CO 2 absorption in the ocean Chemical Biological Physical Carbon Cycle

CO 2 O2O2 pH acidbasic

Dissolved Gases in the Ocean Oxygen profile

CO 2 O2O2 pH

The Carbonate System from dissolution of Calcium Carbonate from dissolved CO 2 gas sources of inorganic carbon

CO 2 in the ocean

Total dissolved inorganic carbon this is very small not found in this form Total dissolved inorganic carbon

Total dissolved inorganic carbon formation and decomposition of organic matter (1) from dissolution of Calcium Carbonate (2)

Carbonic Acid Bicarbonate Ion Carbon Dioxide and Carbonate system Carbonate

Distribution of Carbon species in water + -

CO 2 changes in the last 50 yr Oceans Biosphere Rock Weathering

What control the absorption of Carbon Dioxide in the ocean? How can we measure it? The carbonate system chemistry in seawater The concept of alkalinity, pH …

Strong base cations Strong acid anions Alkalinity: is the net molar concentration, in charge- equivalents, of the cations of strong bases in excess of the anions of strong acids Def:

Strong base cations What happens to this balance? Strong acid anions

Total dissolved inorganic carbon Calcium Carbonate dissolution and formation (2) +alkalinity -alkalinity Total dissolved inorganic carbon

Alkalinity can be measured by titration

What happens if I add or remove CO2 by photosynthesis and respiration?

Carbonic Acid Bicarbonate Ion Carbon Dioxide and Carbonate system Carbonate

Total dissolved inorganic carbon Calcium Carbonate dissolution and formation (2) +alkalinity -alkalinity formation and decomposition of organic matter (1) +acid - acid

Carbon Cycle

Ocean acidification: What corals are dying to tell us slides from Ken Caldeira

A cautionary tale from 65Ma: the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction -huge comet blasts Yucatan -releases S into atmosphere -acid rain falls on ocean for 1-2 years -ALL surface calcifiers die for 2 million years!

We are changing CO2 rates faster than the geologic past

CO 3 2- is becoming a rare commodity

The surface ocean changes will lead deep ocean changes

Corals are being pushed out of their preferred saturation state

…and they are the most sensitive to changes in saturation state