Chapter 43, Campbell & Reece’s Biology 8th Edition 14-2 Immunology Chapter 43, Campbell & Reece’s Biology 8th Edition
Overview: Reconnaissance Recognition and Response Pathogen Barrier Defenses Immune System Innate Immunity Acquired Immunity
43.1: Reliance on Shared Traits of Pathogens Innate Immunity of Invertebrates Chitin Lysozyme Hemocytes Phagocytosis Toll Receptors Discussion of Disadvantages
43.1 (continued) Innate Immunity of Vertebrates Barrier Defenses Enzymes pH Cellular Innate Defenses Leukocytes TLR Neutrophils Macrophages Responses Exclusive to Vertebrates Lymphatic System
Eosinophils and Dendritic Cells Antimicrobial Peptides “and” Proteins Interferons Complement System Inflammatory Responses Histamine Fever Septic Shock
43.1 Natural Killer (NK) Cells Role of Class I MHC receptor Innate Immune System Evasion by Pathogens
43.2: In acquired immunity, lymphocyte receptors provide pathogen-specific recognition Lymphocytes (/Leukocytes) T Cells B Cells Cytokines Acquired Immunity: An Overview
43.2: Antigen Recognition by Lymph/Leucocytes Antigens and their receptors B cells and plasma cells Antibodies/Immunoglobulin Epitopes
Receptors Heavy & Light Chains Variable & Constant Regions T vs. B cell receptors Introduction to the MHC
The Role of the MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigen Presentation Class I MHC Molecules Cytotoxic T Cells Class II MHC Molecules Antigen presenting cells Recognition Properties of the Acquired Immune System
Amino acid rearrangement Review: Figure 17.10, Campbell 8th edition, RNA splicing, etc. Recombinase
Origin of Self-Tolerance Involvement of Apoptosis
Amplifying Lymphocytes by Clonal Selection Effector and Memory Cells Clonal Selection Primary Immune Response B Cell role T Cell role Secondary Immune Response
43.3: Acquired immunity defends against infection of body cells and fluids Humoral immune response Cell-mediated immune response
Helper T Cells: A response to nearly all antigens
Cytotoxic T Cells: A Response to Infected Cells Cell-mediated CD8 B Cells: A Response to Extracellular Pathogens Humoral
Antibody Classes IgM: first antibody produced in response to infection Usually consists of four polypeptide chains IgM: first antibody produced in response to infection IgG: most abundant, and can cross a placenta IgA: found in milk, sweat, and tears IgD: may function to make some B cells memory cells IgE: involved in allergic reactions and stimulates release of histamine Polyclonal Antibodies Monoclonal Antibodies Medical Use
Role of Antibodies in Immunity
Active Immunity Immunization Passive Immunity Cowpox Accelerated secondary response Influence on society International affairs Side effects Passive Immunity IgG IgA
Immune Rejection Blood Groups Tissue/Organ Transplants Bone Marrow Transplant
43.4: Disruptions in immune system function can elicit or exacerbate disease Allergens IgE Anaphylactic Shock Autoimmunity Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Multiple Sclerosis Rh incompatibility Cancer
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Helper T Cells Use of CD4 protein Transmission & Effects AZT Protease Inhibitor Treatment Social Implications Discussion on Rationalized Morality