Chapter 9: Georgia in the Trustee Period STUDY PRESENTATION © 2010 Clairmont Press

Section 1: Georgia’s Founding Section 2: Change and Challenges Section 3: Life in Trustee Georgia

Agenda for 9/3/15 Warm-up sheet At the bottom of your warm-up tell me something that you learned from the Field-trip Take notes over ch 9 section 1 Create an Advertisement for the Colony of Georgia Close

Section 1: Georgia’s Founding Essential Question: How was the founding of Georgia different from the other British colonies in America?

Section 1: Georgia’s Founding What terms do I need to know? proprietor royal colony mercantilism charter trustee militia

Section 1: Georgia’s Founding By the early 1700s, Great Britain had twelve colonies in North America – all located along the East Coast: oldest colony, Virginia (over 120 years old) By the late 1720s, no one had settled the part of South Carolina south of the Savannah River, which was the dividing line between the Carolinians and the Indian nations.

Georgia Time Line 1732-1752

Reasons for Settling Georgia James Oglethorpe and his associates asked King George II for a land grant for founding the colony for these reasons: CHARITY: would be a charitable effort for poor and persecuted to have a new start DEFENSE: would be a good military buffer against Spanish Florida & hostile Indians ECONOMICS: would be good for economics (expanding government’s policy of mercantilism – natural resources for England and a market for manufactured goods) Unofficial reason: religious freedom for non-Catholics

The Charter of 1732 To establish the colony, Oglethorpe and his associates received the Charter of 1732: The document granted territory to the trustees; set up rules under which trust would work. Sir John Percival was the first president of the trust. Oglethorpe would be resident trustee

The Charter of 1732 The trustees were unable to own land in Georgia, make money from the colony, nor could they earn a salary. The motto was “Non Sibi Sed Aliis,” Latin for “not for self, but for others” (found also on the colonial seal of the State of Georgia). Name: “Georgia” in honor of King George II. Trustees used mainly regulations and policies to govern the colony. Example: “charity” colonists could receive 50 acres of land; however, “adventurers” paying their own way could get up to 500 acres of land.

Choosing the Colonists Regulations (rules) for trustees to establish colony: The passage of some to the new colony were paid for. A male charity colonist was to receive 50 acres of land, tools, food, other necessities from trust’s store. A male citizens could be put in the militia. Women were not allowed to inherit the land; males serving as soldiers were needed on every 50 acres. The colonists were required to plant some of their land in mulberry trees in hope of producing silkworms for silk. No slavery allowed Trustees envisioned Georgia as a land of small farms rather than large plantations (why land amounts were limited)

Savannah, The First Settlement James Oglethorpe himself led the first settlers (the only trustee who came to the colony): 1732 – ship Ann set sail from England with chosen settlers (voyage took 57 days) settlers welcomed by Carolinians who donated food, provisions, slaves, etc., to help work site chosen for first settlement – a high bluff known as Yamacraw (good defense against enemies) Tomochichi (leader of Yamacraw people) allowed them to have the land – valuable in ensuring early success of the colony.

Savannah

Life in Early Georgia Conditions affecting life of first settlers: heat and humidity of Georgia summers fear of alligators and rattlesnakes illnesses from mosquitoes and drinking water Tasks facing the building of the new colony: clearing the land and cultivating crops building small homes (less than 400 sq. feet) planting, tending family gardens, milking cows, raising chickens, cooking, cleaning, etc.

Life in Early Georgia Oglethorpe oversaw building of public structures: a courthouse town court to decide disputes and handle criminals a storehouse, a mill for grinding grain into flour a large public oven for baking bread Building defenses was a priority. (Why?)

GEORGIA COLONY ADVERTISEMENT Imagine you are James Oglethorpe and you have been entrusted to make the new Georgia colony successful. Create an advertisement that could have been posted in England convincing people to come to the new Georgia colony in 1732. Your final draft will be done on the drawing paper provided. Requirements: Title and date (sometime in 1732!) Include the name of the colony’s founders (including the resident trustee and the king who granted the charter). The name of the first settlement in Georgia. Include all four reasons for coming to Georgia in words and/or illustrations Show what these mean in relation to Georgia:  CHARITY ECONOMICS DEFENSE RELIGION Include at least one illustration, though more is strongly encouraged! Make it neat, colorful, eye-catching, and most of all, PERSUASIVE!!! Due by the end of class

James Oglethorpe and his associates asked King George II for a land grant for founding the colony – it was granted in the Charter of 1732: CHARITY: would be a charitable effort for poor and persecuted to have a new start DEFENSE: would be a good military buffer against Spanish Florida & hostile Indians ECONOMICS: would be good for economics (expanding government’s policy of mercantilism – GA would produce natural resources for England and a market for manufactured goods) Unofficial reason: religious freedom for non-Catholics

Agenda: 9/4/15 Take out your notebook and prepare to take notes. Review (prepare to answer if called on): Who was the founder of Georgia? What king granted the charter for the Georgia colony (Georgia was also named after him)? What was the first settlement in Georgia? What Indian chief allowed the English to settle on Yamacraw Bluff? What were the four reasons for founding Georgia?

Section 2: Change and Challenges Essential Question: What different kinds of people were in early colonial Georgia? What terms do I need to know? ally slavery indentured servant pacifist malcontent

New Laws When Oglethorpe returned to Georgia (1736), he issued new laws approved by Britain: Rum & other hard alcohol made illegal License required for trading with Indians made slavery illegal in Georgia White indentured servants were allowed when extra workers were needed. Slavery was for a lifetime & involuntary, whereas indentured servitude was for an agreed-upon time and voluntary.

New Settlers Forty-two Jews (originally from Portugal) arrived a few months after the colony began: Dr. Samuel Nunez saved lives of some victims suffering from a fever that was killing many Georgians. Created Congregation Mickve Israel, the oldest Jewish congregation in Georgia. Salzburgers (German-speaking Lutherans) came to Georgia (1734) to escape religious persecution: granted land to build Ebenezer hardworking farmers and dedicated to producing silk First public school & orpahnage Against slavery

New Settlers Moravians: Highland Scots Also German-speaking Protestants worked hard to educate & convert Indians were pacifists and were against slavery left Georgia by 1740 Highland Scots were recruited by Oglethorpe (had reputation for being good soldiers and fighters) settled Darien, defended Ft. King George. Against slavery

Darien: Ft. King George

Darien: Ft. King George

The Malcontents Some Georgia colonists became unhappy with the trustees’ policies and laws: Rum Act often ignored / not enforced dissatisfaction with not allowing women to inherit land resentment over hard work for little benefit Wanted more land and slaves to grow rice and make greater profits

Defense of Georgia James Oglethorpe became very concerned about Georgia’s defense: When Oglethorpe returned to Georgia (1736), he brought cannons and weapons for defense. Built southern fort and town Frederica (on St. Simons Island) Built northern fort and town Augusta War with Spain: Georgia defeated Spanish (Battle of Bloody Marsh – July 7, 1742 at Fort Frederica); GA remained a British colony, Spain never threatened GA again.

Defense of Georgia Fort Frederica National Monument, St. Simons Island, GA. Photo: National Park Service

9/8/14: End of the Trustee Period Get out your notebook and prepare to review CH 9, Section 2 (also prepare to take new notes). Progress reports If you aren’t doing as well as you’d like or need to start planning a way to fix it (complete every assignment, attend tutorial, find out how successful peers are making it work). Talk to your teachers and seek help actively!

CH 9, Section 3: End of the Trustee Period Essential Question: What were the goals of the Trustees who controlled the Georgia colony? Were they successful? What term(s) do I need to know? artisan

Government and the Economy In 1743, Oglethorpe returned to England; William Stephens appointed as president of entire colony: rules from trustees lessened land ownership restrictions ended plantations began to appear slavery began to be allowed (1750) more social classes formed (rich, poor, middle class, free, enslaved, etc)

Education Most Georgians were concerned about survival; education was not a major focus – most just learned from parents. Children of wealthy families sometimes had tutors, and sons sometimes went to college in the north or in England. Two public educational institutions in Trustee Georgia: School at Ebenezer the Bethesda Orphanage and school founded by George Whitefield

The End of the Trustee Period By late 1740s, the vision of the colony had failed; silk was a major disappointment, land policies changed, slavery increased, economy was failing, etc. Georgia was turned over to the British government and in 1752 became a royal colony. Accomplishments achieved by Georgia as a trustee colony include: successfully defending against Spain developing Augusta as an important center of trade with the Indians learning to survive in a new environment

Work Period: 9/8/14 Workbook pp. 43, 47, 48, 49 If finished early you may work on your homework.

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