1. REVIEW Foundings of Georgia
SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history.
A) Important people and reasons for settlement
B) The Trustee period
C) Development of Georgia as a Royal Colony

2. In the 1600s, the English began permanent settlements along the coast of the New World. Their first permanent settlement was Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.

3. By the close of the 1600s, England had established 12 colonies long the Atlantic coastline.

4. Although Spain moved out of Guale by 1686, more than one country claimed the land. France was establishing colonies along the Gulf Coast and in northern Alabama.

5. Both the French and the Spanish posed a threat to the British colonies
Both the French and the Spanish posed a threat to the British colonies. Settlers in South Carolina asked that a fort be built at the mouth of the Altamaha River to serve as a “warning point” for invaders.

6. In 1721, Fort King George was completed
In 1721, Fort King George was completed. The fort established the English presence in Georgia.

7. Georgia’s first civilian settlement, Savannah. How did it start?
James Oglethorpe and a group of trustees were given a charter by King George II for this new colony in 1732
1. To provide safety for the port of Charleston from the Spanish in Florida and French Louisiana (defense)
2. Provide economic gain for England by producing raw materials (mercantilism)
3. Become a colony for the worthy poor (charity)

8. Follow the link below to investigate Georgia’s charter
Establishing the Georgia Colony - For Teachers (Library of Congress)

9. Oglethorpe’s translators had a trading post on the Savannah River
Oglethorpe’s translators had a trading post on the Savannah River. See the link below for more information on John and Mary Musgrove, Oglethorpe’s translators

11. Charter rules for the new colony
No trading with Natives
No Hard Liquor (rum)
No Slavery
No Lawyers
No Catholics(Papists)

12. Must work your land, (home in Savannah, 5 acre garden plot on the edge of town and 45 acre farm in the country
Must plant mulberry trees
Must defend colony against all enemies
Must obey all regulations
Could not sell your land, or borrow against it
Could only pass their land to male heirs

13. In exchange for this, the trustees promised to…
Give each household 50 acres, more if they paid their own passage (up too 500 acres)
Give each settler tools to work the land
Give each settler food for one year
They (trustees) would not own land in the new colony
They (trustees) would not hold political office in the new colony
They would not personally profit from the new colony

14. Silk worm and Mulberry trees

15. Who? Chief Tomochichi and his nephew, Toonahawi
Why? He gave Oglethorpe Yamacraw Bluff to start the settlement, Savannah

16. Early settlers German Salzburgers- Ebenezer and New Ebenezer
escaped religious persecution in Germany
Scottish Highlanders -Darien
helped defend the colony, great soldiers
Jewish - Dr. Samuel Nunis and 41 other Jews arrived in Savannah and helped the first settlers survive a medical crisis

17. English vs. Spanish
1739 War of Jenkin’s Ear- between Spain and Great Britain
Tried to take St. Augustine in 1740
Battle of Bloody Marsh - Spanish troops came to St. Simons Island but were surprised and forced back across the Florida border by Oglethorpe and the Highland Scots
Spanish finally left for good
Border was now safe

18. CHANGES AHEAD
If you were a Georgia colonist, what would you want changed?
How would you make that change happen?
What would the benefits of change be?

19. Malcontents
Those settlers unhappy (discontent) with the trustee’s restrictions called themselves Malcontents
Unhappy about not being able to grow hemp, flax, indigo or grapes
Unhappy with the economic hardships
Unhappy with inheritance restrictions
Wanted to sell land or own more than restrictions allowed
Some wanted slavery and hard liquor (rum)

20. End of Trustee Period Beginning of Royal Colonial Period
President of the colony, James Oglethorpe, leaves colony in 1743
Continued unhappiness in the GA colony because of rules and lack of wealth and success
Charter period begins to run out (20 yrs) 1752
Trustees return Georgia’s authority back to the crown (1 year early!)
Rules begin to loosen: rum, slavery, representative & self rule, and land ownership allowed
Some early settlers who left began to return

21. Jamestown = Corporate
Virginia = Royal
Savannah / Georgia = Proprietary then Trustee then Royal

22. King George the II appoints Royal Governors
John Reynolds ( )
Created bicameral legislature (elected / appointed), a court system, and
helped the colony prosper by loosening rules
Captain Henry Ellis ( )
Created regions (“parish”) and kept the peace
consulted neighboring governor of SC for advice and depended on wealthy citizens to lead colony

23. Last Royal Governor (why the last?)
James Wright ( )
Colony prospers with new settlers from SC and the West Indies
Scottish / Irish immigrants (“crackers”) settled in the frontier
Allowed larger farms (and slaves to work the land)
Rice and indigo become economically beneficial crops
forts were made stronger – military defense
Tried to prevent Georgia moving ahead in the Revolution (loyal to the King) but wasn’t successful!

24. Georgia Colony PROSPERS
By 1760’s Georgia grows from 1 million acres of land owned to 7 million (30 years after Oglethorpe arrived)
Crops include rice and indigo (cotton dyes) as well as timber and naval / ship supplies and manufacturing
Many ports prosper with ships arriving from other colonies and countries
Merchants bring various items to sell which could not be grown or manufactured in GA
As Revolution breaks out, Georgia is only 40 years old, as compared to Virginia at 170 years old!

25. Review
Georgia’s colonial period begins in 1732 with the charter and is governed by the trustees
James Oglethorpe, trustee, founder and first president of the colony
The last and 13th colony has a diverse group of settlers
Prosperity reaches Georgia, it has weathered many hardships but with its farms and shipping ports grows steadily